{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:10:15Z","timestamp":1777666215410,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,1,1]],"date-time":"1981-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":347155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    1 In Charles River CD 1 mice, a single dose of 100 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    caffeine injected intraperitoneally on day 14 of pregnancy caused a low incidence of cleft palate in the fetuses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    2 Single oral doses of caffeine of 200 and 300 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    but not 100 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    on day 14, caused cleft palate in some of the fetuses, but was clearly toxic to the dams.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    3 Oral doses of caffeine up to 300 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    on day 14 of pregnancy did not reduce utero-placental blood flow, placental transfer function, or amniotic fluid volume.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    4 An oral dose of 100 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    caffeine induced a marked stimulation of adrenocortical secretion producing plasma corticosterone levels of 1248 \u00b1 129 ?g per 100 ml by 2 h and with elevated levels persisting more than 8 h.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>5 It is suggested that the elevated plasma corticosterone is the cause of the cleft palate induced in mice by caffeine. Since corticosterone is a known cleft palate inducer in mice but not in man these results do not predict a hazard from normal caffeine consumption in man.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718100100106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T01:08:04Z","timestamp":1230080884000},"page":"53-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Acute Studies to Investigate the Mechanism of Action of Caffeine as a Teratogen in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"M.M.A.","family":"Elmazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 9RT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia R.","family":"McElhatton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 9RT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.M.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London SE1 9RT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420210203"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420120202"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0600473"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(68)90054-1"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(69)90017-1"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"2199","volume":"159","author":"Bertrand, M.","year":"1965","journal-title":"C.R. Soc. Biol."},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"A comprehensive study of the teratogenic potential of caffeine in rats when given by oral intubation","author":"Collins, T.F.X.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"100","volume":"30","author":"Fraser, F.C.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.19.134"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-74-4-653"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420070303"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"575","author":"Groupe D'Etude Des Risques T\u00e9ratog\u00e8nes.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420210106"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/203533a0"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(80)90017-9"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Jost, A.          (1969). Discussion in Foetal Anatomy. eds. Wolstenholme, G. E. W. & O'Conner, N. p. 269. London: J. A. Churchill Ltd"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"415","volume":"14","author":"Knoche, Ch.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forsch"},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Leuschner, F.          & Schwerdtfeger, W. (1968). \u00dcber den einfluss von coffein und andere methylxanthine auf die fortpflanzung von Wistar ratten . In Coffein und andere methylxanthine, Int. Symp. eds Heim, F. & Ammon, H. P. T. pp. 209-215. New York: F. K. Schattauer Verlag."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006057400200508"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420080109"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-104-25757"},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"Rall, T.W.          (1980). Central nervous system stimulants. In: The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 6th Ed. eds Goodman, L. S. & Gilman, A. pp. 592-607. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. Inc."},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197801262980403"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Robson, J.M.         , Poulson, E. & Sullivan, F.M. (1965). Pharmacological principles of teratogenesis. In: Embryo-pathic activity of drugs. eds Robson, J. M., Sullivan, F. M. & Smith, R. L. pp. 21-42. London: J. A. Churchill Ltd"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007943"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Schardein, J.L.          (1976). Drugs as Teratogens. pp. 217-219. Cleveland, Ohio: CRC Press Inc."},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420120111"}],"container-title":["Human Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032718100100106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032718100100106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:42:05Z","timestamp":1777448525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096032718100100106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096032718100100106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096032718100100106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-5952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-5952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}}}