{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:33:34Z","timestamp":1788521614704,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,1]],"date-time":"1991-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":678326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A study was carried out to assess the effect on the outcome of pregnancy of iron overdose and its treatment with desferrioxamine. Sixty-eight cases were drawn from those reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Centre and the Teratology Information Service at Guy's Hospital, London, and follow-up was obtained in 51 of these. Two were subsequently reported not to be pregnant and there were 49 records of pregnant patients who took iron overdoses and where outcome of the pregnancy was known. Twenty-five of these patients were treated with desferrioxamine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In 48 of the 49 patients the dose of iron allegedly taken was known and in 28 (60%) was over 20 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , sufficient to put them at risk of toxicity. In the 36 whose serum iron levels were measured, 20 patients had levels in excess of 60 \u03bcmol l\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , indicating a risk of moderate or severe toxicity. Of the 49 pregnancies, 43 resulted in live babies, two had spontaneous abortions and there were four elective terminations. Of the live babies, three were premature, two of whom had problems, and there were three other babies with abnormalities. All babies with malformations were associated with overdoses after the first trimester and so the malformations cannot be directly related to the overdose. A total of 25 patients received desferrioxamine of whom two had malformed babies, but the desferrioxamine can be excluded as a cause. There was no correlation between the serum iron levels and the birthweights.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion, iron overdose in pregnancy can be fatal and antidote treatment if appropriate should not be withheld. The majority of second and third trimester iron overdoses, treated with desferrioxamine or other antidotes, will have a normal pregnancy outcome. The risk of spontaneous abortion is low but cannot be excluded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719101000404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T01:08:04Z","timestamp":1230080884000},"page":"251-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Consequences of Iron Overdose and its Treatment with Desferrioxamine in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"P.R.","family":"McElhatton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teratology Information Service, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, United Medical &amp; Dental Schools (Guy's Hospital Campus), London SE1 9RT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Poisons Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.M.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teratology Information Service, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, United Medical &amp; Dental Schools (Guy's Hospital Campus), London SE1 9RT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259830"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719000900305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Acute iron poisoning in children. Emergency Medical Clinics of North","volume":"2","author":"Henretig FM","year":"1984","unstructured":"Henretig FM & Temple AR Acute iron poisoning in children. Emergency Medical Clinics of North America 1984: 2: 121-32.","journal-title":"America"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Management of acute iron poisonings. Clinical","volume":"2","author":"Manoguerra AS","year":"1980","unstructured":"Manoguerra AS Management of acute iron poisonings. Clinical Toxicology Consultant 1980; 2: 3-10.","journal-title":"Toxicology Consultant"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Congenital Malformations","author":"Warkany J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Warkany J. Congenital Malformations. Chicago: Yearbook International, 1971."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"483","article-title":"Fatal iron poisoning in a pregnant female: Case report","volume":"59","author":"Strom RL","year":"1976","unstructured":"Strom RL, Schiller P., Seeds AE & Ten Bensel R. Fatal iron poisoning in a pregnant female: Case report. Minnesota Medicine 1976; 59: 483-9.","journal-title":"Minnesota Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Fatal iron intoxication in late pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Olenmark M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Olenmark M., Biber B., Dottori O. & Rybo G. Fatal iron intoxication in late pregnancy. Clinical Toxicology 1987; 25: 347-59.","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Ferrous sulphate poisoning in pregnancy (with afibrinogenaemia as a complication)","volume":"15","author":"Richards R.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Richards R. & Brooks Seh. Ferrous sulphate poisoning in pregnancy (with afibrinogenaemia as a complication) . West Indian Medical Journal 1966; 15: 134-40.","journal-title":"West Indian Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198409001-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1964.tb110021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90457-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(89)80048-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002808702100201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1969104595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.55.7.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Successful pregnancy in \u03b2-thalassaemia major","volume":"19","author":"Martin K.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Martin K. Successful pregnancy in \u03b2-thalassaemia major. Australian Paediatric Journal 1983; 19: 182-3.","journal-title":"Australian Paediatric Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Problemi ostetrici ed etamologici in una gestante affetta da beta-thalassemia intermedia","volume":"35","author":"Dolfin G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dolfin G., Lumare A., Tinetti E. et al. Problemi ostetrici ed etamologici in una gestante affetta da beta-thalassemia intermedia. Minerva Ginecologica 1983; 35: 227-30.","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Second International Conference on Thalassemia and the Haemoglobin-opathies","author":"Kyriakou D.","unstructured":"Kyriakou D., Papanicolaou C., Gyparaki M. et al. Absence of desferrioxamine teratogenicity in a thalassaemic patient. Second International Conference on Thalassemia and the Haemoglobin-opathies, Herakleion ( Crete) Greece, Oct. 21-24 1987, Abstracts p. 109."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Desferrioxamine in pregnancy","volume":"237","author":"Christiaens Gcml","year":"1985","unstructured":"Christiaens Gcml, Rijksen G., Marx J., Pott Hofstede D. & Staal Gej. Desferrioxamine in pregnancy. Archives of Gynaecology 1985; 237 (suppl.): 80.","journal-title":"Archives of Gynaecology"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719101000404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719101000404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:42:37Z","timestamp":1777448557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096032719101000404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096032719101000404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096032719101000404","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3271","1477-0903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3271","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]}}}