{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:13:52Z","timestamp":1777666432477,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,1]],"date-time":"1992-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":694224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A housewife cleaned toilet porcelain connected directly to a sewage storage tank with a mixture of cleaning agents; sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions. She complained of insomnia on the night after cleaning and suffered from severe metabolic acidosis with extremely low blood pH, PCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and bicarbonate values. She recovered from the acidosis after bicarbonate transfusion, plasmapheresis and plasma exchange. Permanent blindness ensued, however, from the third day after the event. These clinical symptoms suggested that the toxic substances responsible were chloramine and methyl chloride. Their generation was confirmed by in-vitro experiments, mixing NaOCl, HCl and pooled urine from normal people. In the simulation, the methyl chloride level far exceeded (100 000 ppm) the maximal allowable concentration recommended (ca 400 ppm) by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Chloramine's toxic actions were confirmed using purified enzyme assay, and the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and the enhancement of superoxide dismutase activity were confirmed in neutral pH. The patient's clinical symptoms suggested that insomnia and permanent blindness seemed to be partly ascribable to chronic repetitive exposure to methyl chloride; catching a cold, drug intake and alcohol intake, in addition, precipitated the patient's visual loss. The possibility of this kind of intoxication with such a mixture of agents may lie latent in any situation where sewage or garbage are exposed to the open air.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719201100104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T01:08:04Z","timestamp":1230080884000},"page":"27-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dangerous Mixture of Household Detergents in an Old-style Toilet: a Case Report with Simulation Experiments of the Working Environment and Warning of Potential Hazard Relevant to the General Environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Masayasu","family":"Minami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Katsumata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Yamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Tomakomai City Hospital, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03210100060033"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1971.10665950"},{"issue":"92","key":"atypb3","author":"Risk informing bureau in national daily life improvement center.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dangers in daily life"},{"issue":"106","key":"atypb4","author":"Risk informing bureau in national daily life improvement center.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dangers in daily life"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.27.10.959"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196409172711209"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"401","volume":"94","author":"Dunn SD","year":"1966","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6348.1086"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.89.1.49"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Rose BD Metabolic acidosis. In: Clinical pathophysiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 2nd edn, pp. 394-439. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(82)90371-4"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"879","volume":"16","author":"Gerbis H.","year":"1914","journal-title":"Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"81","volume":"6","author":"Macdonald Jdc.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"112","volume":"16","author":"Scharnweber HC","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"1001","author":"Hald J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00311271"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2747"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01076143"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(86)32042-1","volume":"132","author":"Thomas EL","year":"1986","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Peers AM The determination of methyl chloride in air (method 599). NIOSH manual of analytical methods 2nd edn, NIOSH 1978; 4: 219-25."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Beverages; chloride. In: AOAC Methods of Analysis, ed W. Horwitz, 11th edn. pp. 149-50. A.U.A.C. Washington DC. 1970."},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.17-0429"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(85)90495-2"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63504-5","volume":"244","author":"McCord JM","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"93","volume":"2","author":"Minami M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"atypb26","first-page":"337","volume":"79","author":"Minami M.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"atypb27","first-page":"161","volume":"41","author":"International agency for research on cancer (IARC).","year":"1986","journal-title":"IARC Monograph Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90350-4"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"1673","volume":"4","author":"Sato S.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Acute Medicine"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1927.02680410013005"},{"key":"atypb31","first-page":"715","volume":"99","author":"Chevez CT","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719201100104","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719201100104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:42:49Z","timestamp":1777448569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096032719201100104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096032719201100104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096032719201100104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3271","1477-0903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3271","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}}}