{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:14:33Z","timestamp":1777666473776,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]],"date-time":"1992-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":704678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mercury poisoning occurred after the acute, prolonged exposure of 53 construction workers to elemental mercury. Of those exposed, 26 were evaluated by clinical examination and tests of neuropsychological function. Patients received treatment with chelation therapy in the first weeks after exposure. Eleven of the patients with the highest mercury levels were followed in detail over an extended period. Observations included the evaluation of subjective symptoms of distress, using the 'Symptom Check List 90-Revised' (SCL-90R) and tests of visual-motor function such as 'Trailmaking Parts A and B', 'Finger Tapping', 'Stroop Colour Word Test' and 'Grooved Pegboard.' On day 85 \u00b1 11 (mean\u00b1s.d.) after exposure, these 11 men again received either 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (NAP) in a short-term study designed to compare the potential to mobilize mercury and the incidence of drug-induced toxicity of these two chelating agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Rapidly resolving metal fume fever was the earliest manifestation of symptoms. CNS symptoms and abnormal performance on neuropsychological tests persisted over the prolonged period of follow-up. There were significant correlations between neuropsychological tests and indices of mercury exposure. Serial mercury in the blood and urine verified the long half-life and large volume of distribution of mercury. Chelation therapy with both drugs resulted in the mobilization of a small fraction of the total estimated body mercury. However, DMSA was able to increase the excretion of mercury to a greater extent than NAP. These observations demonstrate that acute exposure to elemental mercury and its vapour induces acute, inorganic mercury toxicity and causes long-term, probably irreversible, neurological sequelae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719201100308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T01:08:04Z","timestamp":1230080884000},"page":"201-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Elemental Mercury Vapour Toxicity, Treatment, and Prognosis After Acute, Intensive Exposure in Chloralkali Plant Workers. Part I: History, Neuropsychological Findings and Chelator effects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Renata E.","family":"Bluhm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Bobbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry W.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alastair J.J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Frank","family":"Bonfiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sarzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Branch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(77)90044-5"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668691389720"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"393","volume":"29","year":"1980","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Smith RG Dose-response relationship associated with known mercury absorption at dose levels of inorganic mercury. In: Environmental Mercury Contamination , eds Hartung R & Dinman B, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1972. pp 207-22."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Code of Federal Regulations. 29, Labor. Welding, pt 1926. 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Atomic absorption determination of total, inorganic and organic mercury in biological fluids. In: Clinical Chemistry and Chemical Toxicology of Metals, ed SS Brown, pp 201-4. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, 1977 ."},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Dixon WJ & Massey FJ Introduction to Statistical Analysis, 4th edn, pp 227-31. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983."},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Steel Rgd & Torrie JH Principles and Procedures of Statistics: a Biometrical Approach, 2nd ed, pp. 258-61. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719201100309"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Rosenstock L. & Cullen MR Clinical Occupational Medicine, p. 199. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1986."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Dreisbach RH & Robertson WO Handbook of Poisoning: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment, p. 240. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange, 1987."},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Stokinger HE The metals. In: Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, eds Clayton GD & Clayton FE, pp. 1778-91. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1981."},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"101","volume":"29","year":"1960","journal-title":"Industrial Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"582","author":"Goyer RA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.12.040172.002111"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"463","volume":"48","author":"MacGregor JT","year":"1974","journal-title":"Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.22.4.675","volume":"22","author":"Matthes FT","year":"1958","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1981.02130250030010"},{"key":"atypb26","first-page":"143","volume":"92","author":"Feldman RG","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Knight AL Mercury and its compounds. In: p. 593. 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