{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:23:13Z","timestamp":1777666993708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,1]],"date-time":"1996-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":825638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Potassium permanganate (KMnO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), a powerful oxidizing agent, is readily available without prescription. Tissue contact produces coagulation necrosis and the lethal consequences of oral ingestion are well described, with most deaths because of airway oedema and obstruction or circulatory collapse. Whilst systemic toxicity is reported, its mechanism is unclear. We describe a case of suicidal ingestion of KMnO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    followed by acute hepatorenal toxicity resulting in the death of the patient. The clinical course bore close resemblance to that of severe paracetamol overdose. We discuss the pathogenesis of the systemic toxicity of KMnO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and postulate that it is due to oxidative injury from free radicals generated by the absorbed permanganate ion. We recommend that N-acetyl cysteine be given within the first few hours to all patients with potassium permanganate poisoning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719601500313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T01:08:04Z","timestamp":1230080884000},"page":"259-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Fatal acute hepatorenal failure following potassium permanganate ingestion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"RJ","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jajh","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KK","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RC","family":"Freebairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AP","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YI","family":"Lolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"The Extra Pharmacopoeia","author":"Reynolds Jef","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Medical toxicology: Diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning","author":"Ellenhorn MJ","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"120","volume":"78","author":"Jacobziner H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"1563","volume":"12","author":"Lau Gsn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Analysis"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.23.040183.000511"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6198.1097"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"304","volume":"60","author":"Cowie RL","year":"1981","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650460103030"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120444.x"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"42","volume":"108","author":"Wang Z.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01076528"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1975.tb00832.x"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194905192402002"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"235","volume":"24","author":"Holzgraefe M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicology"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1982.00340150205041"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.66.778.657"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(82)90602-5"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"409","volume":"53","author":"Witzleban CL","year":"1968","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.6.527"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91385-8"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-709065-8.50011-0"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; 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