{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:26:56Z","timestamp":1777667216858,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]],"date-time":"1997-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":865123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Trichloroethylene (TCE) was exposed in the presence of the spin trap N- tert-butyl-\u03b1-phenyl nitrone (PBN, 0.1 M) to ionizing radiation from two different sources in an attempt to determine the origin of the spin-trapped radicals generating the EPR spectra in precision cut liver slices. TCE samples were irradiated with 18 MeV electrons to a total dose of 1000 Gy in a linear accelerator (LINAC) or exposed to\n                    <jats:sup>60<\/jats:sup>\n                    Co \u03b3-rays to total doses of 100 Gy and 1000 Gy. The results show that three PBN adducts were generated during the LINAC radiations. Two of these spin adducts correspond to the addition of carbon-centered radicals to PBN, and the third adduct is consistent with a decomposition product of PBN. The predominant carbon- entered radical yields a PBN adduct that is more stable, persists for over 24 h and has identical hyperfine coupling constants (a\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    =1.61 mT, a\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u03b2=0.325 mT) to the PBN adduct obtained when precision-cut liver slices were exposed to TCE. Gamma radiation (100 Gy) of TCE yields PBN adducts with lower primary nitrogen hyperfine coupling constants (aN=1.45 mT and aN=1.54 mT). The results (y- radiation) suggest that the carbon-centered radical is formed on a single TCE carbon that is different than the predominant radical formed during LINAC radiations. This difference is confirmed by experiments using\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C- TCE. The results further suggest that, during \u03b3-radiation of TCE, the radicals are formed by dechlorination at the TCE carbon containing two chlorine atoms. The results obtained during LINAC radiations suggest that the predominant radical is formed by dechlorination at the TCE carbon containing a single chlorine and a single proton. In addition, it is possible that this radical is the initial TCE radical formed during exposure of liver slices to TCE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719701600607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T01:08:04Z","timestamp":1230080884000},"page":"334-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trichloroethylene radicals generated by ionizing radiation. An EPR\/spin trapping study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alasdair J","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Cellular Radiobiology Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5603"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Steel-Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Effects Group, Environmental and Occupational Toxicology Division, Armstrong Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Carcinogenesis bioassay of trichloroethylene CAS No. 79-01-6. DHEW Publication No (NIH) 76-802, 1976."},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Carcinogenesis bioassay of trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6) in F3NN\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies) 1982; Technical Report No. 243","author":"National Toxicology Program."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(80)90524-9"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01239202"},{"issue":"8","key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69928-3_2","author":"Elcombe CR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258609043517"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(89)90140-9"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00731.x"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90167-D"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(92)90333-N"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(93)90131-G"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90147-A"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719601501103"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"259","volume":"3","author":"Beuttner GR","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Techniques in free radical research","author":"Rice-Evans CA","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769309056s1"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769009148569"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)91120-8"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Gutteridge Jmc.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radical Research Communications"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2550"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1983-0234.ch004"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"155","volume":"4","author":"Fraga CG","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Mason RP Spin trapping free radical metabolites of toxic chemicals. In: Spin Labeling in Pharmacology; Chapter 2 pp 87 -129. 1984."},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"151","volume":"13","author":"Knecht KT","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-UFFC.1986.26807"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.199112291"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.2570080208"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719701600607","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719701600607","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:45:48Z","timestamp":1777448748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096032719701600607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096032719701600607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096032719701600607","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3271","1477-0903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3271","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]}}}