{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:43:36Z","timestamp":1792791816777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    PAN is one of a class of common air pollutants formed by the action of sunlight on volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. No toxicokinetic studies have been found in the available literature. The acute toxicity of PAN is less than that of ozone, similar to NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and higher than SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    in mice and rats were 718-743 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    (for 2 h) and 470 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    (for 4 h), respectively. Following acute exposure, severe lung lesions and, at the higher levels, damage to the epithelium of upper parts of the respiratory tract were found in animals. It seems that concentrations of 1.19-1.49 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    lie not far from the threshold required for pulmonary function effects in sensitive individuals. However, these PAN concentrations are well above the maximum ambient concentrations usually experienced within the USA and Canada (0.003-0.078 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). It appears unlikely that present ambient PAN concentrations would affect pulmonary functions responses to ambient ozone. In human, the lowest level causing eye irritations was 0.64 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 2 h. Concentrations of 0.99 and 4.95 mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    were identi-fied as no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for pathological and histo-logical changes in the respiratory system (nasal passages) of rats during subchronic exposures to PAN, but were not considered to be relevant to derivation of a RfC for chronic inhalation exposure. PAN is a weak point mutagen or clastogen. The data are not sufficient to evaluate its carcinogenicity. No study was found which could be used for the derivation of a RfC for acute or chronic inhalation exposure to PAN.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719801700403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T03:36:51Z","timestamp":1484624211000},"page":"212-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Peroxyacetyl nitrate: review of toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Adolf","family":"Vyskocil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de m\u00e9decine du travail et                         d'hygi\u00e8ne du milieu, Facult\u00e9dem\u00e9decine,                         Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Viau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de m\u00e9decine du travail et                         d'hygi\u00e8ne du milieu, Facult\u00e9dem\u00e9decine,                         Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air and waste section, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00022470.1983.10465668"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(88)90275-2"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/v83-166"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-1686(92)90387-Z"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Tremblay J, Carter AM. Le nitrate de peroxyac\u00e9tyle (PAN), une                 composante importante du smog urbain (Rapport r\u00e9gional sur les mesures                 effectu\u00e9es \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al en juillet 1991). Ottawa:                 Environment Canada, 1993; pp. 1-37."},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(86)90159-9"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1902(78)80446-1"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850210108"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1967.10664991"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(77)90012-9"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"79","volume":"4","author":"Stephens ER","year":"1961","journal-title":"International Journal of Air and Water Pollution"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823378900500310"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Drechsler-Parks DM. Effect of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate on metabolic and                     pulmonary function. Research report No. 6.                      Cambridge, MA: HEI                 , 1986; pp. 1-36."},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.55.9.1460"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(76)90004-9"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"1033","volume":"130","author":"Drechsler-Parks DM","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00022470.1986.10466067"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.3.288"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01453936"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.4.628"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"565","volume":"99","author":"Dungworth DL","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398109530091"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(95)90010-1"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(86)90091-6"},{"key":"atypb26","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"Medinsky MA.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology Activities"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(69)90058-4"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(85)90106-5"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850160204"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00133a005"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00137a007"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00141a013"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00152a007"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850110109"},{"key":"atypb35","first-page":"227","volume-title":"International symposium on the biomedical effects of ozone and related photochemical oxidants","author":"Javitz HS"},{"key":"atypb36","first-page":"1199","volume":"37","author":"Drechsler-Parks DM","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association"},{"key":"atypb37","first-page":"213","volume":"2","author":"DeSesso J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Quality Assurance"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719801700403","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/096032719801700403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:46:11Z","timestamp":1777448771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/096032719801700403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/096032719801700403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096032719801700403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3271","1477-0903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3271","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}}}