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We used the inoculation theory, message interpretation process (MIP) theory and cognitive theory of multimedia learning to provide a useful explanation for the interventions of literacy concept. Our study made use of 470 participants divided into two groups, comprising the control group, n\u2009 =\u2009235 and the treatment group, n\u2009 =\u2009235. After the experiment, we found that participants in the visual multimedia experimental group demonstrated a higher knowledge of fake news, better ability to detect fake news and shared more accurate news articles, compared to their counterparts who were instructed in a non-multimedia setting. We focused only on university students from one institution in Nigeria. Thus, we encourage future studies to extend beyond the student population. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09610006221096477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T14:17:57Z","timestamp":1654265877000},"page":"694-703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effect of visual multimedia instructions against fake news spread: A quasi-experimental study with Nigerian students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7657-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oberiri Destiny","family":"Apuke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"},{"name":"Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria"}]},{"given":"Bahiyah","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Elif Asude","family":"Tunca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European University of Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Celestine Verlumun","family":"Gever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"30","key":"bibr1-09610006221096477","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"Akinoso O","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Media Journal"},{"key":"bibr2-09610006221096477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.31.2.211"},{"key":"bibr3-09610006221096477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-08-2020-0333"},{"key":"bibr4-09610006221096477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-019-00695-1"},{"key":"bibr5-09610006221096477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18510\/hssr.2020.8236"},{"key":"bibr6-09610006221096477","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the 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