{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T13:38:16Z","timestamp":1770298696685,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Digital preservation encompasses policies, technologies, and strategies to ensure that digital objects and collections will sustain for future use. This study aimed at investigating the trends toward digital preservation in terms of in-house activities versus outsourcing by systematically reviewing the extant literature. The relevant studies were identified by accessing multiple databases and indexing and abstracting services. After retrieving the relevant literature, necessary filtering was done by following the PRISMA protocols, and thereafter the selected studies were finalized for further review. The meta-analysis of the final studies affirms a strong global preference of libraries, archives, and other cultural and memory organizations toward in-house activities for the preservation of their digital objects and collections compared to outsourcing digital preservation activities by third parties. The results of this study provide a holistic view of how digital assets are being preserved in memory institutions across the world and underpin the global management (in-house or outsourced) approaches for digital preservation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09610006231173461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T10:17:46Z","timestamp":1685009866000},"page":"1114-1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Global trends in digital preservation: Outsourcing versus in-house practices"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafiq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8291-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Adu KK (2015) Framework for digital preservation of electronic government in Ghana. PhD dissertation, Pretoria: University of South Africa."},{"key":"bibr2-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1045\/may2013-altman"},{"key":"bibr3-09610006231173461","volume-title":"Staffing for Effective Digital Preservation: An NDSA Report: Results of a Survey of Organizations Preserving Digital Content","author":"Atkins W","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr4-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Atkins W, Ghering C, Kidd M, et al (2017) Staffing for Effective Digital Preservation 2017 An NDSA Report USA: National Digital Stewardship Alliance, p. 57."},{"key":"bibr5-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Bailey J, Grotke A, Hanna K, et al (2014) Web Archiving in the United States: A 2013 Survey. National Digital Stewardship Alliance. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, p. 24."},{"key":"bibr6-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Bazzanella B, Bouquet P, Bellini E, et al (2012) D22. 1 Persistent Identifiers Interoperability Framework. UK Alliance for Permanent Access to the Records of Science Network (APARSEN), p. 110."},{"key":"bibr7-09610006231173461","volume-title":"Preservation Management of Digital Materials: The Handbook","author":"Beagrie N","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr8-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1363686.1363786"},{"key":"bibr9-09610006231173461","first-page":"41","author":"Bergau N","year":"2010","journal-title":"EuropeanaTravelp"},{"key":"bibr10-09610006231173461","volume-title":"Digital Preservation Survey: 2011 Preliminary Results","author":"Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN)","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr11-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242525"},{"key":"bibr12-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Faria L (2017) Automated watch for digital preservation. PhD dissertation. Portugal: Universidade do Minho."},{"key":"bibr13-09610006231173461","first-page":"138","volume-title":"International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science","author":"Feather J","year":"2004","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr14-09610006231173461","first-page":"23","author":"Gallinger M","year":"2017","journal-title":"D-Lib Magazine"},{"key":"bibr15-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Goethals A, Jones J, Kussmann C, et al (2012) Who\u2019s Minding the (Data) Store? Results of the NDSA Digital Preservation Staffing Survey. USA."},{"key":"bibr16-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Guercio M, Lograno L, Battistelli A (2003) Legislation, Rules and Policies for the Preservation of Digital Resources, A Survey. Florence: ERPANET, p.76."},{"key":"bibr17-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1000676723815"},{"key":"bibr18-09610006231173461","volume-title":"Digital Preservation Needs and Requirements in RLG Member Institutions","author":"Hedstrom M","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr19-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Hutchins M (2012) Testing Software Tools of Potential Interest for Digital Preservation Activities at the National Library of Australia. Parkes: Australia National Library of Australia, p.57."},{"key":"bibr20-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01604950910971125"},{"key":"bibr21-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Krimbacher M, Neuhauser M, Vogl M (2006) Survey on the long-term preservation of digital documents in European Libraries 2006. reUse Project Report. https:\/\/www.uibk.ac.at\/reuse\/docs\/d_6.7study_european_digital_repositories.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr22-09610006231173461","volume":"21","author":"Krtalic M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Research"},{"key":"bibr23-09610006231173461","volume-title":"The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Nigerian University Libraries","author":"Krubu DE","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr24-09610006231173461","first-page":"11","author":"Library and Archives Canada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canada"},{"key":"bibr25-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Library of Congress (2014) 2014 DPOE Training Needs Assessment Survey USA: Library of Congress, p.13."},{"key":"bibr26-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1045\/may2011-yuanli"},{"key":"bibr27-09610006231173461","unstructured":"Mason S (2018) Skills for IT Specialists in Digital Preservation: A Fourth Lens for DigCurV? VALA: Libraries, Technology and the Future. Melbourne: University of Oxford, pp.1\u201317."},{"key":"bibr28-09610006231173461","unstructured":"McInnes S, Phillips V (2009) Survey of Digital Preservation in Wales Summary of Findings. Wales: Archives and Records Council Wales Digital Preservation Group, p.29."},{"key":"bibr29-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29242\/spec.325"},{"key":"bibr30-09610006231173461","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Mei Z","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science (CJLIS)"},{"key":"bibr31-09610006231173461","unstructured":"OCLC\/RLG PREMIS Working Group (2004) Implementing Preservation Repositories for Digital Materials: Current Practice and Emerging Trends in the Cultural Heritage Community. Dublin, OH: OCLC\/RLG PREMIS Working Group, p.66."},{"key":"bibr32-09610006231173461","first-page":"11","volume":"7","author":"Okoh MI","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"bibr33-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10572317.2012.10762922"},{"key":"bibr34-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-84334-142-0.50006-2"},{"key":"bibr35-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13614576.2012.679446"},{"key":"bibr36-09610006231173461","volume-title":"Avoiding Technological Quicksand: Finding a Viable Technical Foundation for Digital Preservation. A Report to the Council on Library and Information","author":"Rothenberg J","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr37-09610006231173461","first-page":"1","author":"Ruusalepp R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Estonian Business Archives"},{"key":"bibr38-09610006231173461","first-page":"127","volume":"10","author":"Samiei M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research"},{"key":"bibr39-09610006231173461","first-page":"174","volume-title":"iPRES 2009: the Sixth International Conference on Preservation of Digital Objects","author":"Sinclair P","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr40-09610006231173461","first-page":"158","volume":"22","author":"Trehub A","year":"2011","journal-title":"SOlanus"},{"key":"bibr41-09610006231173461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/07378831011047659"},{"key":"bibr42-09610006231173461","unstructured":"UNESCO PERSIST (2017) Survey on national\/federal policies and strategies on the preservation of digital heritage UNESCO, p.31."},{"key":"bibr43-09610006231173461","volume-title":"Discover Digital Libraries Theory and Practice","author":"Xie I","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr44-09610006231173461","first-page":"107","author":"Zaste C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Department of History, (Archival Studies)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09610006231173461","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09610006231173461","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09610006231173461","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T02:13:16Z","timestamp":1740795196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09610006231173461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09610006231173461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09610006231173461","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-0006","1741-6477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-0006","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]}}}