{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:12:38Z","timestamp":1778922758571,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000208","name":"Institute of Museum and Library Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LG-250035-OLS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LG-250035-OLS-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000208","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to the COVID-19 crisis, many public libraries began offering virtual storytime (VS) programs. Because of the relative infrequency of VSs prior to 2020, research in this realm is minimal. To get a snapshot of public librarians\u2019 VS practices and library supports in relation to VSs, we surveyed children\u2019s librarians nationwide. Based on responses from 415 librarians in the United States, we examined when, if at all, the librarians began offering VSs, the practices they employed as well as the supports in place that enabled them to do so, and their perceptions of the importance of those supports. Findings indicate that responding librarians quickly pivoted the modality of their programming in relation to lockdown orders and offered both pre-recorded and live programs. Participants identified some challenges to providing VS programs, including lack of technological support and tools to increase accessibility to children with hearing or visual impairments. Professional development, equipment, and technical support were identified as enablers of VS programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09610006241255422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T07:42:42Z","timestamp":1717659762000},"page":"924-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Public library virtual storytimes: When, how, and with what supports"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6770-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soohyung","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4140-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, USA"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, USA"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"LeFebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2020.1827618"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"The evolution of early literacy: A history of best practices in storytime","volume":"7","author":"Albright M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Albright M, Delecki K, Hinkle S (2009) The evolution of early literacy: A history of best practices in storytime. Children and Libraries 7(1): 13\u201318.","journal-title":"Children and Libraries"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"American Library Association (2017) American Library Association strategic directions. Available at: https:\/\/www.ala.org\/aboutala\/sites\/ala.org.aboutala\/files\/content\/governance\/StrategicPlan\/Strategic%20Directions%202017_Update.pdf (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"American Library Association (2020a) ALSC and CLEL launch a virtual storytime services guide. ALA Member News. Available at: https:\/\/www.ala.org\/news\/member-news\/2020\/06\/alsc-and-clel-launch-virtual-storytime-services-guide (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","volume-title":"Libraries Respond: COVID-19 Survey Results","author":"American Library Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"American Library Association (2020b) Libraries Respond: COVID-19 Survey Results. Chicago: American Library Association.."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"Americans With Disabilities Amendments Act (2008) Pub. L. 110-325."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"Association for Library Services to Children (2020) Competencies for librarians serving children in libraries. Available at: https:\/\/www.ala.org\/alsc\/edcareeers\/alsccorecomps (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Association for Library Service to Children and Colorado Libraries for Early Literacy (2021 2020) Virtual storytime services guide. Available at: https:\/\/www.ala.org\/alsc\/virtual-storytime-services-resource-guide (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"Author (2021)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/cal.16.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-022-01306-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-020-01133-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1476718X221098662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6017\/ital.v42i2.15701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/libri-2020-0047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000619898224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/cal.16.4.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ILS-08-2020-0206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/cal.17.2.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017 2020) Why it matters: The pandemic threat. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalhealth\/healthprotection\/fieldupdates\/winter-2017\/why-it-matters.html (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CDC museum COVID-19 timeline. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/museum\/timeline\/covid19.html (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","unstructured":"Connaway LS Faniel IM Brannon B et al (2021) New model library: Pandemic effects and library directions. OCLC Research. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25333\/2d1r-f907 (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2017.1275600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2017.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Goulding A Shuker MJ Dickie J (2017b) Media mentoring through digital storytimes: The experiences of public libraries in Aotearoa New Zealand. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International Federation of Library Associations Wroclaw Poland. Available at: https:\/\/library.ifla.org\/id\/eprint\/1742\/1\/138-goulding-en.pdf (accessed 29 May 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/ils.2013.0013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","article-title":"Remote schooling and screentime during COVID-19: Exploring the experiences of low-income families with young children","volume":"21","author":"Griffith SF","year":"2023","unstructured":"Griffith SF, Casanova SM, Delisle JH, et al (2023) Remote schooling and screentime during COVID-19: Exploring the experiences of low-income families with young children. Journal of Early Childhood Research 21(1): 1476718X2311754.","journal-title":"Journal of Early Childhood Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guernsey L Prescott S Park C (2021) Public libraries and the pandemic: Digital shifts and disparities to overcome. New America. Available at: https:\/\/www.newamerica.org\/education-policy\/reports\/public-libraries-and-the-pandemic\/ (accessed 3 August 2023).","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2022.2073783"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Meeting patrons in the virtual world","volume":"60","author":"Hadidi R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hadidi R, Linscott K (2021) Meeting patrons in the virtual world. Public Libraries 60(1): 52\u201359.","journal-title":"Public Libraries"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"Harrod K (2020) Program model: Virtual story times at Denton Public Library. Programming Librarian. Available at: https:\/\/programminglibrarian.org\/programs\/virtual-story-times-denton-public-library (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","unstructured":"Hedemark \u00c5 Lindberg J (2017) Stories of storytime: The discursive shaping of professional identity among Swedish children\u2019s librarians. Information Research 22(1): 1612. Available at: http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/22-1\/colis\/colis1612.html (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616846.2022.2092347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","unstructured":"Hoenig L (2020) Ten tips for when the library\u2019s closed. ALSC Blog. Available at: https:\/\/www.alsc.ala.org\/blog\/2020\/04\/ten-tips-when-librarys-closed\/ (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723710370525"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Making storytime available to children of working parents: Public libraries and the scheduling of children\u2019s literacy programs","volume":"5","author":"Hughes-Hassell S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hughes-Hassell S, Agosto DE, Sun X (2007) Making storytime available to children of working parents: Public libraries and the scheduling of children\u2019s literacy programs. Children and Libraries 5(2): 43\u201348.","journal-title":"Children and Libraries"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961000617709057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14687984211046652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","first-page":"3","author":"Justice LM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Justice LM (2006) Emergent literacy: Development, domains, and intervention approaches. In: Justice LM (ed.) Clinical approaches to emergent literacy intervention. Plural, pp. 3\u201327.","journal-title":"Clinical approaches to emergent literacy intervention"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","unstructured":"Kociubuk J (2020) Virtual storytimes: Standing out in a sea of online programs. ALSC Blog. Available at: https:\/\/www.alsc.ala.org\/blog\/2020\/04\/virtual-storytimess-standing-out-in-a-sea-of-online-programs\/ (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2023.101256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","unstructured":"Krabbenhoft L (2020) Storytime online resources. Jbrary blog. Available at: https:\/\/jbrary.com\/storytime-online\/ (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HJ.0000695836.90893.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48525\/rp-2022-id141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48525\/rp-2023-id145"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1476718X221145486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bh.0.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512953"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Making a difference: The importance of purposes to early learning programs","volume":"10","author":"McKenzie PJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"McKenzie PJ, Stooke RK (2012) Making a difference: The importance of purposes to early learning programs. Children and Libraries 10(2): 47\u201352.","journal-title":"Children and Libraries"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","unstructured":"Miller C Zickuhr K Rainie L et al (2013) Parents children libraries and reading. Available at: https:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2013\/05\/01\/parents-children-libraries-and-reading\/ (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/cal.13n2.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","unstructured":"Moore S (2022) The future of pandemics. Available at: https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/health\/The-Future-of-Pandemics.aspx (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6935a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","unstructured":"National Early Literacy Panel (2008) Developing early literacy: Report of the National Early Literacy Panel. Washington DC: National Center for Family Literacy. Available at: http:\/\/lincs.ed.gov\/publications\/pdf\/NELPReport09.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","unstructured":"Neuman SB Moland N Celano D (2017) Bringing literacy home: An evaluation of the Every Child Ready to Read program. Public Library Association and Association for Library Service to Children. Available at: http:\/\/everychildreadytoread.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/2017-ECRR-Report-Final.pdf (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","unstructured":"Ostman S (2020) News: Online story time & Coronavirus: It\u2019s fair use folks. Programming Librarian. Available at: https:\/\/programminglibrarian.org\/articles\/online-story-time-coronavirus-it%E2%80%99s-fair-use-folks (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpson K Paynter J Wicks RT et al. (2020) Early literacy learning experiences across home and community libraries for young children who have autism. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders 4: 74\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41252-019-00145-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s41252-019-00145-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/702194"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preschool early literacy programs in Ontario public libraries","volume":"7","author":"Peterson SS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peterson SS (2012) Preschool early literacy programs in Ontario public libraries. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research 7(2): 1\u201321.","journal-title":"Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","unstructured":"Public Library Association (2018) Project outcome: Measuring the impact of libraries. Available at: https:\/\/www.projectoutcome.org\/ (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","volume-title":"Public Libraries Respond to COVID-19: Survey of Response Activities","author":"Public Library Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"Public Library Association (2020) Public Libraries Respond to COVID-19: Survey of Response Activities. Chicago, IL: Public Library Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820910377"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Teaching tweeting: Recommendations for teaching social media work in LIS and MSIS programs","volume":"57","author":"Simons RN","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simons RN, Ocepek MG, Barker LJ (2016) Teaching tweeting: Recommendations for teaching social media work in LIS and MSIS programs. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 57(1): 21\u201330.","journal-title":"Journal of Education for Library and Information Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","unstructured":"Statista (2023) Most popular social networks worldwide as of January 2023 ranked by number of monthly active users. Available at: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/272014\/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users\/ (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/cal.12n2.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2021.1930936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/726326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5860\/cal.21.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06247.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29173\/pathfinder53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","unstructured":"Wood M (2020) CLEL VS webinar: Filming before during and after COVID-19. Available at: https:\/\/www.coloradovirtuallibrary.org\/csl-news\/clel-virtual-storytime-webinar-filming-before-during-and-after-covid-19\/ (accessed 3 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Literacy access through storytime: An ethnographic study of public library storytellers in a low-income neighborhood","volume":"14","author":"Young TT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Young TT, Sarroub LK, Babchuk WA (2019) Literacy access through storytime: An ethnographic study of public library storytellers in a low-income neighborhood. Journal of Ethnographic & Qualitative Research 14: 59\u201377.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnographic & Qualitative Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09610006241255422","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09610006241255422","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09610006241255422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T08:42:10Z","timestamp":1778920930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09610006241255422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09610006241255422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09610006241255422","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-0006","1741-6477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-0006","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-6477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]}}}