{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:12:16Z","timestamp":1782299536958,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and quinacrine (Qn) association, at two different dosages, in treatment of lupus skin lesions not responding to HCQ alone. Thirty-four patients, affected by cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus, were retrospectively analysed. They were treated by HCQ (5\u00a0mg\/Kg\/qd) and Qn with two regimens: 100\u00a0mg\/qd (29 cases) and 50\u00a0mg\/qd (5 cases). Discoid lupus erythematosus (19 cases), acute malar rash (6 cases), chilblain lupus (4 cases) showed a significant improvement with combination therapy (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.009,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.019, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.04, respectively). Ten patients with subacute cutaneous lupus showed a partial response, whereas lupus profundus didn\u2019t improve. The same overall response rate was recorded comparing two Qn regimens, but subjects taking 100\u00a0mg\/qd improved more rapidly than the others (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.001). Ten patients developed side effects, mainly represented by skin yellowish discolouration. Depression and severe headache with nausea, which were globally recorded in two cases, led to drug withdrawal. One additional case of hepatitis was recorded in a patient with preexisting Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Combination of HCQ and Qn is rapidly effective at 100\u00a0mg\/qd and well tolerated in the treatment of lupus skin lesions unresponsive to HCQ alone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308101714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T05:23:27Z","timestamp":1244179407000},"page":"735-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Treatment of lupus skin involvement with quinacrine and hydroxychloroquine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Cavazzana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Bazzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ceribelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Zane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Tincani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PG","family":"Calzavara-Pinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit and Chair \u2013 A.O. Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2013 Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(89)90050-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu147rr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096120300678828082"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301669779293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD): a review of the literature and a proposal for preliminary classification criteria","volume":"17","author":"Mosca M","year":"1999","unstructured":"7 Mosca M\u2004 Neri R\u2004 Bombardieri S\u2004. Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD): a review of the literature and a proposal for preliminary classification criteria. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999; 17: 615\u2013620.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23889.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.5.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/94.4.476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339500400208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb16244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu319oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.44.12.861"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203308101714","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203308101714","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:08:19Z","timestamp":1777676899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0961203308101714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0961203308101714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203308101714","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]}}}