{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:57:41Z","timestamp":1777928261369,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]],"date-time":"2009-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Toll-like receptors recognising self-derived nucleic acids may participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Following the description of an enhanced population of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) expressing auto-antibody producing B lymphocytes in active lupus, we explored the expression of TLR-9 in the renal tissue of patients with lupus. TLR-9 expression was studied in the kidneys of 12 lupus and 10 control samples from macroscopically unaffected areas of patients with renal adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. A semiquantitative score was assigned separately for tubular, interstitial and glomerular expression. TLR-9 was expressed in the renal tubules and interstitial tissue in both patients with lupus and controls. Six of 12 patients with lupus with proliferative or membranous nephritis \u2013 as compared to none of the controls \u2013 exhibited both tubulointerstitial and glomerular TLR-9 expression. Biopsies with glomerular TLR-9 expression had a higher activity index (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD, 6.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5 in the presence of TLR-9 glomerular expression as compared to 1.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8 in its absence, P\u00a0=\u00a00.015, t-test). This study documents for the first time the up-regulation of TLR-9 within the glomerulus of patients with lupus nephritis. Activation of TLR-9 expressing glomerular cells by endogenous nucleic acids (nucleosomes) may amplify the inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309103054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]],"date-time":"2009-07-03T09:38:26Z","timestamp":1246613906000},"page":"831-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Glomerular expression of toll-like receptor-9 in lupus nephritis but not in normal kidneys: implications for the amplification of the inflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"ED","family":"Papadimitraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Tzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Bertsias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Sotsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DT","family":"Boumpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.09.001"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22197"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6616(02)00022-0"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21553"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006101162"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006030263"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22413"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.1.57"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22524"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400117"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000190"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002133"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070563"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl336"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203309103054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203309103054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:08:24Z","timestamp":1777676904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0961203309103054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0961203309103054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203309103054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]]}}}