{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:58:08Z","timestamp":1777928288787,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]],"date-time":"2010-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The involvement of the peripheral nervous system in diverse autoimmune diseases is well established. However, no appropriately designed studies have been performed in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS)-related peripheral neuropathy. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy in patients diagnosed with PAPS. Twenty-six consecutive patients with PAPS (Sapporo criteria) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled at two referral centers. Exclusion criteria were secondary causes of peripheral neuropathy. A complete clinical neurologic exam followed by nerve conduction studies (NCS) was performed. Paresthesias were reported in eight patients (31%). Objective mild distal weakness and abnormal symmetric deep tendon reflexes were observed in three patients (11.5%). With regard to the electrophysiologic evidence of peripheral neuropathy, nine patients (35.0%) had alterations: four (15.5%) had pure sensory or sensorimotor distal axonal neuropathy (in two of them a carpal tunnel syndrome was also present) and one (4%) had sensorimotor demyelinating and axonal neuropathy involving upper and lower extremities, while four patients (15.5%) showed isolated carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinical and serologic results were similar in all the patients with PAPS, regardless of the presence of electrophysiologic alterations. In conclusion, peripheral neuropathy is a common asymptomatic abnormality in patients with PAPS. The routine performance of NCS may be considered when evaluating such patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309354541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]],"date-time":"2010-02-15T20:54:22Z","timestamp":1266267262000},"page":"583-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Peripheral neuropathy in patients with primary antiphospholipid (Hughes\u2019) syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"MSF","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JF","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Brotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bonfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FAC","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina and Rheumatology Division of the Hospital Universitario Walter Cant\u00eddio of the Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, Brazil,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Harris NE, Khamashta MA Antiphospholipid syndrome. 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