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We performed a cross-sectional analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1) and joint status in 47 SLE patients (79% females, age 42\u2009years, disease duration 8.6\u2009years). All cytokines levels were significantly elevated in SLE patients compared with controls, but only IL-2 and IL-8 levels were higher than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. SLE patients with ongoing synovitis (19%) and joint deformities (11%) had increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), IL-6 and anti-dsDNA Ab levels. IL-6 levels correlated with ESR, anti-dsDNA Ab and haemoglobin, but not with C-reactive protein levels. Arthritis constitutes a considerable burden of disease in SLE over time, and joint deformations are associated with longstanding disease and arthritis flare rates. IL-6 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the prevention of joint damage in SLE arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310392432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,21]],"date-time":"2011-03-21T23:49:47Z","timestamp":1300751387000},"page":"607-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Interleukin-6 promotes arthritis and joint deformation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"G\u00d8","family":"Eilertsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Nikolaisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, 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