{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:59:26Z","timestamp":1777928366520,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]],"date-time":"2011-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) has a large role in the control of autoimmunity. TGF-\u03b21 production by lymphocytes is reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Decreased levels of TGF-\u03b21 might associate to disease susceptibility, activity and organ damage in SLE. However, the correlation between TGF-\u03b21 levels and severity of renal damage in SLE has not been examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: The present study was undertaken to assess the serum levels of total and active TGF-\u03b21 in 150 female patients with SLE and 31 healthy women. Simple and multiple regression analyses between TGF-\u03b21 levels and the diseases-related variables were performed in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Serum levels of both total and active TGF-\u03b21 were significantly reduced in patients with SLE compared with levels in healthy controls ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Total TGF-\u03b21 levels correlated positively with white blood cell, platelet counts, calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and active TGF-\u03b21 level, and inversely with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In multiple regression analysis, ESR and platelet counts remained determinants of total TGF-\u03b21. Total TGF-\u03b21 levels were lower in patients with high disease activity (SLEDAI\u2009&gt;\u200910) and severe organ damage (SLICC\u2009&gt;\u20093). Significantly lower levels of total TGF-\u03b21 were found in patients with severe renal damage, i.e. lower TGF-\u03b21 in patients with 24-h urine protein over 3.5\u2009g than in those with below 3.5\u2009g ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05); lower TGF-\u03b21 in patients with GFR less than 50\u2009ml\/min than in those with over 50\u2009ml\/min ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In contrast, active TGF-\u03b21 only correlated with platelet counts. There was no association between renal damage and the levels of active TGF-\u03b21.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: This study demonstrates significantly reduced serum levels of both total and active TGF-\u03b21 in women with SLE compared with healthy women. Total TGF-\u03b21 levels are correlated negatively with ESR and positively with blood platelets. Total TGF-\u03b21 levels were lower in SLE patients with high disease activity and severe organ damage. Importantly, the severity of the renal damage was associated with decreased serum levels of total TGF-\u03b21, suggesting that TGF-\u03b21 might be involved in pathogenesis of renal damage caused by lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311425528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]],"date-time":"2011-11-09T20:15:21Z","timestamp":1320869721000},"page":"310-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Decreased serum levels of TGF-\u03b21 are associated with renal damage in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, G\u00f6teborg, 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