{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:56:57Z","timestamp":1790024217692,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]],"date-time":"2012-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To investigate the clinical, laboratory and histological manifestations of patients who received illegal injections of foreign substances for cosmetic purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients and methods: We studied patients who met the following inclusion criteria: 1) history of application of foreign substances for cosmetic purposes, 2) clinical data of autoimmune disease or non-specific autoimmune manifestation (i.e. arthralgias, myalgia, malaise, fever, and weight loss), 3) detection of autoantibodies in patients\u2019 sera, 4) histological evidence of chronic inflammation and\/or granulomatous reaction to foreign body.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Fifty female patients aged 44.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910 years were studied. The mean time between application of foreign substances and onset of symptoms was 4.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 years. Patients were followed for 12\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5 years. Forty-one patients were injected with mineral oil, nine patients received other substances: three iodine gadital, one guayacol, one guayacol plus silicone fluid, two collagen, two silicone fluid. The sites of application were: buttocks (36), legs and\/or thighs (11), breasts (eight) hands and face (one), face (two) (seven patients received an injection to more than one site). Thirty patients presented with non-specific autoimmune manifestations, whereas 20 patients fulfilled the criteria for a defined autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, overlap syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune hepatitis, and ulcerative colitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Cases of human adjuvant disease following illegal injections of oil substances for cosmetic purposes are reported. Patients presented with defined autoimmune diseases as well as with non-specific autoimmune manifestations. Illegal injection of these substances could lead to serious local and systemic complications, even to death. These cases represent another model of Autoimmune\/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA). The use of these substances should be prohibited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311429317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]],"date-time":"2012-01-10T11:56:20Z","timestamp":1326196580000},"page":"128-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Human adjuvant disease induced by foreign substances: a new model of ASIA (Shoenfeld's syndrome)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Vera-Lastra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, M\u00e9xico;"},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, M\u00e9xico;"},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M del Pilar","family":"Cruz-Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, M\u00e9xico;"},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, M\u00e9xico;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"Gayosso-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Especialidades Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano 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