{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:00:06Z","timestamp":1777928406851,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]],"date-time":"2012-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) with cyclophosphamide (CYC) is effective but retains a certain severe adverse effect. Tacrolimus (TAC) may be a suitable treatment for LN. Forty patients with diffuse proliferative or membranous LN were recruited for this non-randomized open-label study \u2014 67.5% (27\/40) had nephrotic proteinuria (&gt;3.5\u2009g\/day) and 50.0% (20\/40) had low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (&lt;60\u2009mL\/min\/1.73m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). We compared the efficacy and adverse effects of TAC (0.04\u20130.08\u2009mg\/kg\/d)\/prednisone for 12 months (TAC group, n\u2009=\u200920) with intravenous CYC (750\u2009mg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    per month)\/prednisone for six months followed by azathioprine (Aza) (100\u2009mg\/day)\/prednisone for six months (CYC group, n\u2009=\u200920). The TAC target concentration was 6\u20138\u2009ng\/mL or 4\u20136\u2009ng\/mL, respectively, when induction or maintenance therapy was required and 4.0 ng\/mL for patient with renal insufficiency. In the TAC group, mean urinary protein excretion decreased significantly from 5.00\u2009\u00b1\u20091.91\u2009g\/day at baseline to 2.54\u2009\u00b1\u20091.68\u2009g\/day after two weeks of therapy ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), compared with the CYC group (4.9\u2009\u00b1\u200919.4\u2009g\/day), P\u2009=\u20090.001, and 65.0% (13\/20) achieved partial remission at one month, compared with the CYC group (0\/20), P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001. The incidence of complete remission (CR) was significantly higher in the TAC group than in the CYC group (55.0% vs.15.0% by five months, P\u2009=\u20090.008, and 75.0% vs.40.0% by 12 months, P\u2009=\u20090.025, respectively). The significant improvement in serum anti-dsDNA and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity index (DAI) was in the TAC group relative to the CYC group at 12 months ( P\u2009=\u20090.031, P\u2009=\u20090.003, respectively). The eGFR improved in the TAC group from 59.90\u2009\u00b1\u200923.64\u2009mL\/min\/1.73m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    at baseline to 93.75\u2009\u00b1\u200928.52\u2009mL\/min\/1.73m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    after 12 months, P\u2009=\u20090.001. In the CYC group, two patients developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD), three patients experienced serious pneumonia, and one patient died. Our preliminary study showed TAC is a safe and effective treatment for LN with severe renal disease, and with less-severe adverse events compared with CYC followed Aza therapy. Further larger sample studies are needed to confirm our conclusion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312448105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]],"date-time":"2012-05-08T21:16:19Z","timestamp":1336511779000},"page":"1025-1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Tacrolimus versus cyclophosphamide as treatment for diffuse proliferative or membranous lupus nephritis: a non-randomized prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People\u2019s Republic of 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