{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:39:52Z","timestamp":1791293992321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]],"date-time":"2012-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, excluding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in patients of African descent. Indeed, since the description of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), which had been included in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE), there has been no description of the disease in black patients. In 2000, we performed a retrospective epidemiological study by querying multiple sources to identify all patients with lupus in French Guiana \u2013 a part of France in South America having western living conditions, free healthcare and 157,000 inhabitants, most of whom are of African origin. We found 45 patients with pure cutaneous lupus, which included CCLE (mostly discoid), SCLE and bullous lupus. The disease characteristics of these patients exhibited few differences compared with those of the Caucasian patients cited in the literature. However, the age of onset for our patients of African descent was younger than that of Caucasian patients. In contrast to the race-related differences reported for SLE, we found no major differences in terms of demographic, clinical and biological presentation between this cohort of pure cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients of African origin and Caucasian patients with similar forms of lupus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312458167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]],"date-time":"2012-08-28T22:11:57Z","timestamp":1346191917000},"page":"1467-1471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pure cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a population of African descent in French Guiana: a retrospective population-based description"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Deligny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre r\u00e9gional de comp\u00e9tences \u201cmaladies autoimmunes rares\u201d, Centre hospitalier la Meynard, Martinique, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Sainte","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Andr\u00e9e Rosemon, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Clyti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Andr\u00e9e Rosemon, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Arfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre r\u00e9gional de comp\u00e9tences \u201cmaladies autoimmunes rares\u201d, Centre hospitalier la Meynard, Martinique, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Couppi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Andr\u00e9e Rosemon, French Guiana, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0961203312458167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20079"},{"key":"bibr2-0961203312458167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"bibr3-0961203312458167","first-page":"576","volume-title":"Dubois\u2019 lupus erythematosus","author":"Sonntheimer RD","year":"2006","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr4-0961203312458167","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Ethnic Groups Worldwide: a ready reference group handbook","author":"Levinson D","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr5-0961203312458167","first-page":"131","volume":"100","author":"Jacyk WK","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"bibr6-0961203312458167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010120007006"},{"key":"bibr7-0961203312458167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.21"},{"key":"bibr8-0961203312458167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22286"},{"key":"bibr9-0961203312458167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09472.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0961203312458167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)80200-9"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203312458167","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0961203312458167","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203312458167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:12:34Z","timestamp":1777677154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0961203312458167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0961203312458167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203312458167","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]}}}