{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:00:39Z","timestamp":1777928439024,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects women nine times more often than men. The present study investigates estradiol-dependent control of the calcium-buffering protein, calreticulin, to gain further insight into the molecular basis of abnormal T cell signaling in SLE T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T cells were purified from blood samples obtained from healthy females and SLE patients. Calreticulin expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain amplification. Calreticulin and estrogen receptor-\u03b1 were co-precipitated and analyzed by Western blotting to determine if the proteins associate in T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calreticulin expression increased ( p\u2009=\u20090.034) in activated control T cells, while estradiol decreased ( p\u2009=\u20090.044) calreticulin in resting T cells. Calreticulin expression decreased in activated SLE T cell samples and increased in approximately 50% of resting T cell samples. Plasma estradiol was similar ( p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) among SLE patients and control volunteers. Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 and calreticulin co-precipitated from nuclear and cytoplasmic T cell compartments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that estradiol tightly regulates calreticulin expression in normal human T cells, and the dynamics are different between activated and resting T cells. The absence of this tight regulation in SLE T cells could contribute to abnormal T cell function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313482742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T21:51:28Z","timestamp":1364421088000},"page":"583-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Estradiol differentially regulates calreticulin: a potential link with abnormal T cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"JM","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, 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