{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:32:22Z","timestamp":1792186342861,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this paper is to elucidate the role of specific cytokines in lupus (SLE) arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty SLE and 40 RA patients had an ultrasound (US) scan of their hand as per standardized protocols. US scores were expressed per joint and as a total \u2018US activity\u2019 score, (sum of power Doppler (PD) and grey-scale synovial hypertrophy scores in all joints) and a total erosion score. SLE disease activity was assessed (BILAG and SELENA-SLEDAI). Plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and BLyS were measured using sandwich ELISA kits (Quantikine kits, R &amp; D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On the basis of the US results SLE patients were divided into three groups: erosive arthritis ( n\u2009=\u200920), non-erosive arthritis ( n\u2009=\u200918) and those with a normal US scan ( n\u2009=\u200912). Across the SLE groups plasma IL-6 levels correlated with CRP ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), hand deformity scores ( p\u2009=\u20090.005), BILAG musculoskeletal score ( p\u2009=\u20090.009), wrist PD score ( p\u2009=\u20090.01), the presence of tenosynovitis ( p\u2009=\u20090.008) and total US activity score ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) (which remained constant when corrected for total BILAG score). Neither TNF-alpha nor BLyS levels correlated with US or clinical measures of lupus arthritis; however, TNF-alpha correlated with total BILAG score ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to examine levels of specific cytokines in a cohort of SLE patients stratified in terms of joint disease by US, where the most significant finding is that IL-6 levels correlated both with clinical and US measures of arthritis disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313512882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T23:57:57Z","timestamp":1384559877000},"page":"46-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Plasma IL-6 levels correlate with clinical and ultrasound measures of arthritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"EMA","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection & Immunity, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DS","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Personalised Medicine, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AL","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MR","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection & Immunity, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast, 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