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Here, immunoreactivity to chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1), an essential molecule for DNA replication and a PCNA-binding protein, was compared for the sera of SLE patients, normal healthy controls (NHCs) and other disease controls, and in autoimmune sera reactive to standard autoantigens, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting. CAF1 and IRF1 expression in SLE and NHC peripheral mononuclear cells were compared by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum interferon-\u03b3-inducing protein-10 and anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Increased CAF-1 autoimmune reactivity was recognized in SLE or serum anti-dsDNA antibody-positive patients. Significantly greater central nervous system (CNS) involvement (aseptic meningitis) and serum anti-dsDNA antibody titers were present more often in anti-CAF-1 antibody-positive than antibody-negative SLE patients. IFN-\u03b3 positively regulated CAF-1 expression in\u00a0vitro and was associated with anti-CAF-1 antibody production in SLE. Thus, a novel anti-CAF-1 autoantibody is frequently found in patients with SLE and is a useful biomarker for diagnosis, especially in cases with CNS involvement. Aberrant IFN-\u03b3 regulation appears to play an important role in anti-CAF-1 antibody production in SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314536245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,17]],"date-time":"2014-05-17T00:53:32Z","timestamp":1400288012000},"page":"1031-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antibody against chromatin assembly factor-1 is a novel autoantibody specifically recognized in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Doe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Nozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 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