{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:58:29Z","timestamp":1783191509817,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains challenging, due to limitations of echocardiography. We hypothesized that cardiovascular magnetic resonance can detect cardiac lesions missed by echocardiography in SLE patients with atypical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To use cardiovascular magnetic resonance in SLE patients with atypical symptoms and investigate the possibility of silent heart disease, missed by echocardiography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2005 to 2015, 80 SLE patients with atypical cardiac symptoms\/signs (fatigue, mild shortness of breath, early repolarization and sinus tachycardia) aged 37\u2009\u00b1\u20096 years (72 women\/8 men), with normal echocardiography, were evaluated using a 1.5 T system. Left and right ventricular ejection fractions, T2 ratio (oedema imaging) and late gadolinium enhancement (fibrosis imaging) were assessed. Acute and chronic lesions were defined as late gadolinium enhancement-positive plus T2&gt;2 and T2&lt;2, respectively. Lesions were characterized according to late gadolinium enhancement patterns as: diffuse subendocardial, subepicardial and subendocardial\/transmural, due to vasculitis, myocarditis and myocardial infarction, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings were identified in 22\/80 (27.5%) of SLE patients with normal echocardiography, including 4\/22 with recent silent myocarditis, 5\/22 with past myocarditis (subepicardial scar in inferolateral wall), 9\/22 with past myocardial infarction (six inferior and three anterior subendocardial infarction) and 4\/22 with diffuse subendocardial fibrosis due to vasculitis. No correlation between cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings and inflammatory indices was identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in SLE patients with atypical cardiac symptoms\/signs and normal echocardiography can assess occult cardiac lesions including myocarditis, myocardial infarction and vasculitis that may influence both rheumatic and cardiac treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317731533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T02:52:54Z","timestamp":1505875974000},"page":"564-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects silent heart disease missed by echocardiography in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Mavrogeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Koutsogeorgopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Markousis-Mavrogenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bounas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympion Therapeutirion General Clinic, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Tektonidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S-N C","family":"Lliossis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Daoussis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Plastiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Olympion Therapeutirion General Clinic, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Karabela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Stavropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Katsifis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Vartela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Kolovou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0961203317731533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"bibr2-0961203317731533","first-page":"381","volume":"12","author":"Pina FP","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Cienc Med"},{"key":"bibr3-0961203317731533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.07.016"},{"key":"bibr4-0961203317731533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22181"},{"key":"bibr5-0961203317731533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"bibr6-0961203317731533","first-page":"541","volume":"10","author":"Vitali C","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr7-0961203317731533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312437437"},{"key":"bibr8-0961203317731533","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91285-8"},{"key":"bibr9-0961203317731533","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report.\n                      Circulation\n                      2002; 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