{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:05:43Z","timestamp":1777928743502,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FKZ 01PL12016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 01PL12016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lehre@LMU","award":["F\u00f6FoLe 51\/2015 and 932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F\u00f6FoLe 51\/2015 and 932"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["agreement No. 668036 (project RELENT)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["agreement No. 668036 (project RELENT)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AN372\/24-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AN372\/24-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008426","name":"Friedrich-Baur-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    \u2018Refractory lupus nephritis\u2019 is a frequently used term but poorly defined. We conducted a survey among nephrologists and rheumatologists to spot the diversity of perceptions of this term and to better understand the clinical practice related to \u2018refractory lupus nephritis\u2019. A total of 145 questionnaires completed by lupus nephritis experts were available for analysis, of which 52% were nephrologists, 34% rheumatologists, and 13% internists. Response to induction treatment was mostly assessed after six months (58%), but assessment at three months was more common with the use of the EURO lupus protocol than with other treatment protocols. Rheumatologists used urinary sediment to assess response more frequently than nephrologists (66 vs. 48%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, Chi\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), while nephrologists conversely relied significantly more on clinical symptoms (61 vs. 31%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, Chi\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Non-nephrologists quantified proteinuria preferentially by 24\u2009h urine sampling, while the majority of nephrologists relied on the urinary protein\/creatinine ratio (UPCR) or the albumin\/creatinine ratio of spot urine samples (59 vs. 38%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, Chi\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). A total of 91% were concerned about persistent immunological systemic lupus erythematosus activity. There was less concern about drug adherence, renal scarring, genetic factors or other kidney diseases. Less than 20% check for drug adherence by regularly monitoring drug plasma levels. Nephrologists considered a re-biopsy more often than rheumatologists (58 vs. 38%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, Chi\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Together, among lupus nephritis experts there is considerable diversity in the perception of what the term \u2018refractory lupus nephritis\u2019 describes and how it is defined. A consensus definition of \u2018refractory lupus nephritis\u2019 is needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319828516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T08:38:21Z","timestamp":1550047101000},"page":"455-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Refractory lupus nephritis: a survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-0915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Weidenbusch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Eder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H J","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Lupus Nephritis Trials Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317726376"},{"key":"bibr2-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201940"},{"key":"bibr3-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.25"},{"key":"bibr4-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21664"},{"key":"bibr5-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv072"},{"key":"bibr6-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzg031"},{"key":"bibr7-0961203319828516","unstructured":"Amato L, Colais P, Davoil M, et al. Volume and health outcomes: evidence from systematic reviews and from evaluation of Italian hospital data.\n                      Epidemiol Prev\n                      2013; 37(2\u20133 Suppl 2): 1\u2013100."},{"key":"bibr8-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1785-5"},{"key":"bibr9-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9866"},{"key":"bibr10-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2015-000123"},{"key":"bibr11-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452229"},{"key":"bibr12-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70082-X"},{"key":"bibr13-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw300"},{"key":"bibr14-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008101028"},{"key":"bibr15-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12423"},{"key":"bibr16-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34359"},{"key":"bibr17-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38037"},{"key":"bibr18-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs285"},{"key":"bibr19-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-015-0016-9"},{"key":"bibr20-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23191"},{"key":"bibr21-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151696"},{"key":"bibr22-0961203319828516","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep346"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203319828516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0961203319828516","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0961203319828516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:20:36Z","timestamp":1777677636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0961203319828516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0961203319828516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203319828516","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]}}}