{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:18:52Z","timestamp":1787987932494,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TCVGH-1077307C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1077307C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lupus nephritis (LN) is the leading cause of mortality in lupus patients. This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcome and renal histological risk factors of LN in a tertiary referral center. Between 2006 and 2017, a retrospective observational study enrolled 148 biopsy-proven LN patients. After propensity score matching, 75 cases were included for further analysis. The classification and scoring of LN were assessed according to the International Society of Nephrology\/Renal Pathology Society. Treatment response was evaluated by daily urine protein and urinalysis at two years after commencing induction treatment and the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In total, 50.7% patients achieved complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR), while 49.3% patients were categorized as nonresponders. Therapeutic responses in terms of CR\/PR rates were associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores (odds ratio (OR): 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12\u20131.60, p\u2009=\u20090.001). Moreover, higher baseline creatinine levels (hazard ratio (HR): 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29\u20133.40, p\u2009=\u20090.003), higher renal activity index (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.58, p\u2009=\u20090.008) and chronicity index (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.85, p\u2009=\u20090.017) predicted ESRD. Among pathological scores, cellular crescents (HR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.01\u201319.38, p\u2009=\u20090.049) and fibrous crescents (HR: 5.93, 95% CI: 1.41\u201324.92, p\u2009=\u20090.015) were independent risk factors for ESRD. In conclusion, higher lupus activity was a good prognostic marker for renal remission. Renal histology was predictive of ESRD. Large-scale prospective studies are required to verify the efficacy of mycophenolate in combination with azathioprine or cyclosporine in LN patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319842663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T10:50:05Z","timestamp":1554979805000},"page":"658-666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Combination immunosuppressant therapy and lupus nephritis outcome: a hospital-based study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Y M","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research 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Y","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H H","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C W","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General 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