{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:16:36Z","timestamp":1779214596866,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to assess the reliability of a novel objective outcome measure, laser Doppler imaging (LDI), its validity against skin biopsy histology and other clinical instruments, including localized cutaneous lupus disease area and severity index (L-CLASI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of photographs, and its responsiveness to clinical change with therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in 30 patients with active cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). At baseline and 3 months, disease activity was assessed using L-CLASI and a high resolution LDI system by two assessors. Skin biopsy was scored as 0\u2009=\u2009non-active, 1\u2009=\u2009mild activity and 2\u2009=\u2009active. Photographs were assessed by two clinicians using 100\u2009mm VAS. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using Bland\u2013Altman limits of agreement. Correlation between histology and LDI, L-CLASI and VAS and sensitivity to change of LDI with physician subjective assessment of change (PSAC) at 3 months were analyzed using Kendall\u2019s tau-a.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 30 patients with CLE, 28 (93%) were female, mean (SD) age 48.4 (11.5) y, 25 (83%) were Caucasians, 25 (83%) had concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus and 16 (53%) were smokers. CLE subtypes were acute\u2009=\u20099, subacute\u2009=\u20098 and chronic\u2009=\u200913. Inter-rater agreement for LDI was fair but for VAS score of photographs was poor. In 20 patients with biopsy, correlation with histology was better for LDI (tau-a\u2009=\u20090.53) than L-CLASI (tau-a\u2009=\u20090.26) (difference\u2009=\u20090.27; 90% CI 0.05\u20130.49) or VAS score of photographs (tau-a\u2009=\u20090.17) (difference\u2009=\u20090.36; 90% CI 0.04\u20130.68). There was a moderate correlation between PSAC score and change in LDI (tau-a\u2009=\u20090.56; 90% CI 0.38\u20130.74; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, n\u2009=\u200915).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LDI provides a reliable, valid and responsive quantitative measure of inflammation in CLE. It has a better correlation with histology compared to clinical instruments. LDI provides an objective outcome measure for clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319873977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T09:04:00Z","timestamp":1568451840000},"page":"1320-1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validity and sensitivity to change of laser Doppler imaging as a novel objective outcome measure for cutaneous lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3131-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MY","family":"Md Yusof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Edward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E M A","family":"Hensor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Goodfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P M","family":"Laws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Wittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E M","family":"Vital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, 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