{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:09:20Z","timestamp":1777928960254,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Z201100005520022,23, 25-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z201100005520022,23, 25-27"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2017YFC0907601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0907601"]}]},{"name":"The Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2017YFC0907602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0907602"]}]},{"name":"The Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2017YFC090760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC090760"]}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2019-I2M-2-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-2-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal vasculopathy including retinal artery occlusion (RAO) or retinal vein occlusion (RVO) was recently found to occur more frequently in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients than non-APS patients. This study aims to investigate the clinical manifestation and risk factors of retinal vasculopathy among APS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center prospective cohort study, we evaluated APS patients with or without retinal vasculopathy during 2018\u20132020 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Clinical variables were compared, and a logistical regression model was built to explore risk factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Euclidean distances was applied to identify clusters of variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 310 APS patients (67.4% female, mean age 38.1\u00a0years) were included, of whom 18 (5.8%) were diagnosed with retinal vasculopathy (9 with RVO and 9 with RAO). No significant differences were found among most demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, or antibody profiles. APS-related heart valve disease (odds ratio OR 13.66, 95% confidence interval CI 4.55\u201340.98), APS nephropathy (OR 12.77, 95% CI 4.04\u201340.35), and thrombocytopenia (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.01\u20136.89) were predictive of retinal vasculopathy. APS-related heart valve disease and nephropathy were also found to be statistically significant predictors in multivariate logistical regression analysis. Non-criteria manifestations were aggregated with retinal vasculopathy from a cluster analysis of variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with APS-related heart valve disease and nephropathy suffered a higher risk of retinal vasculopathy. The underlying mechanisms of aPL-associated retinal vasculopathy may involve thrombotic microangiopathy, leading to poor prognosis and therapeutic changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033211069762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T02:41:51Z","timestamp":1642560111000},"page":"178-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics and risk factors of retinal vasculopathy in antiphospholipid syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Zhijuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 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