{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:52:22Z","timestamp":1789865542250,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For selection of high-risk systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients it is necessary to obtain indicators of disease severity that predict disease damage. As in systemic sclerosis, nailfold capillary abnormalities could be such a biomarker in SLE. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study is to describe capillary abnormalities in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) cohort (onset\u2009&lt;\u200918\u2009years) and compare them with matched healthy controls. The secondary objective is to correlate the observed capillary abnormalities with demographical variables in both cohorts and with disease-specific variables in cSLE patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthy controls were matched for ethnic background, age and gender. Videocapillaroscopy was performed in eight fingers with 2-4 images per finger. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of nailfold capillaroscopy images were performed according to the definitions of the EULAR study group on microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups (n\u2009=\u200941 cSLE-patients and n\u2009=\u200941 healthy controls) were comparable for ethnic background (p\u2009=\u20090.317). Counted per mm, cSLE-patients showed significantly more \u2018giants\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.032), \u2018abnormal capillary shapes\u2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.003), \u2018large capillary hemorrhages\u2019 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and \u2018pericapillary extravasations\u2019 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Combined \u2018abnormal capillary shapes and pericapillary extravasations\u2019 (in the same finger) were detected in 78% (32\/41 patients). By qualitative analysis, \u2018microangiopathy\u2019 was detected in 68.3% (28\/41) and a \u2018scleroderma pattern\u2019 in 17.1% (7\/41) of the cSLE-patients (without scleroderma symptoms). The difference of percentage positive anti-RNP antibodies in the group with or without a scleroderma pattern was not significant (p\u2009=\u20090.089). The number of \u2018abnormal capillary shapes per mm\u2019 was significantly correlated with treatment-naivety. The number of \u2018large pathological hemorrhages per mm\u2019 was significantly correlated with SLEDAI score and presence of nephritis. Compared to healthy controls, \u2018pericapillary extravasations\u2019 were found in significantly higher numbers per mm (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) as well as in percentage of patients (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our observations confirm that giants, abnormal capillary morphology and capillary hemorrhages are also observed in cSLE, as was already known for adults with SLE. Number of capillary hemorrhages in cSLE was significantly correlated with disease activity. A high frequency and total amount of \u201cpericapillary extravasations\u201d was observed in cSLE patients, possibly revealing a new subtype of capillary hemorrhage that might reflect endothelial damage in these pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203321998750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T01:49:28Z","timestamp":1614822568000},"page":"818-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Nailfold capillary abnormalities in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study compared with healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieneke","family":"Schonenberg-Meinema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy C","family":"Bergkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amara","family":"Nassar-Sheikh Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leontien B","family":"van der Aa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godelieve J","family":"de Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"ten Cate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Cutolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Elisabeth","family":"Hak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra CE","family":"Hissink Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"van Onna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taco W","family":"Kuijpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Merlijn","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children\u2019s 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