{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:23:34Z","timestamp":1782962614851,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the risk ratio (RR) of thromboembolic events in chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine users compared to non-users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to the present, reporting thromboembolic events in chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine users compared to non-users. Four authors independently screened all the records obtained through our search strategy and later revised the selected full-text articles for eligibility, according to our inclusion criteria. The same four authors independently extracted relevant data through a customized data collection form while two other authors assessed the quality of the included RCTs using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (Version 2.0). All the disagreements were resolved through discussions among the authors. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and its respective standard error of developing thromboembolic events in hydroxychloroquine users and non-users for each individual study and pooled the results using a random effects model meta-analysis. We assessed Heterogeneity using the Tau\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and publication bias using funnel plotting and Egger\u2019s regression. The protocol for this systematic review is registered at the PROSPERO database (CRD42021247902).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirteen RCTs met our eligibility criteria and were included in our analysis (2663 patients). We found that hydroxychloroquine\u2014no study on chloroquine was found\u2014reduced the risk of thromboembolic events by 49% (RR 0.51[IC 95% 0.31\u20130.84]) with a medium heterogeneity (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 67% and T\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.4948). We did find some asymmetry in the inspection of the funnel plot, which was ruled out through an Egger\u2019s regression ( p-value = 0.1025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data reinforce the idea that hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of thromboembolic events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221074192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T13:44:35Z","timestamp":1642513475000},"page":"238-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in the prevention of thromboembolic events: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4392-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Luiz","family":"Barros Edington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Fraga","family":"de Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Fernando Sim\u00f5es","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayssa Valandro","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Rocha","family":"Gadelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mittermayer Barreto","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Salvador, 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