{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:54:40Z","timestamp":1787064880765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study ophthalmological manifestations in a well-characterized primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) cohort (APS-Rio) and compare them with a healthy control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined PAPS patients and controls with an extensive ophthalmological evaluation, which included anamnesis, visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, and retinography of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. PAPS group also underwent angiography exam and optical coherence tomography using spectral domain technology (SD-OCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>98 PAPS patients and 102 controls were included. The most common symptom in PAPS was amaurosis fugax (34.7% vs. 6.9%; p = .001). In the multivariate analyses, Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon was associated with amaurosis fugax (OR 3.71, CI:1.33\u201310.32; p = .012), and livedo correlated with hemianopia (OR 6.96, CI:1.11\u201343.72, p = .038) and diplopia (OR 3.49, CI:1.02\u201311.53, p = .047). After ophthalmological evaluation, 84 PAPS patients had ocular involvement (1.0% glaucoma, 94.0% posterior findings, 62.7% anterior findings, and 56.6% both posterior and anterior findings). Vascular tortuosity was more frequent in the PAPS group (63.2% vs. 42.2%; p = .002), as well as peripheral tortuosity (29.6% vs. 7.8%; p &lt; .001). After excluding patients with atherosclerotic risk factors, peripheral vascular tortuosity was still statistically associated with PAPS (35.0 vs. 7.8%, p &lt; .001). Triple positivity was more frequent in PAPS patients with peripheral vascular tortuosity than in those without this ocular finding (34.5% vs. 15.9%, p = .041).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vasomotor phenomena are importantly related to ocular symptoms in PAPS. Vascular tortuosity was a frequent finding in PAPS patients. Peripheral vascular tortuosity was associated with triple positivity and might be a biomarker of ischemic microvascular retinopathy due to PAPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221143294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T07:20:26Z","timestamp":1669706426000},"page":"180-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ocular involvement in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: results of an extensive ophthalmological evaluation performed in the APS-Rio cohort"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Adriana M de M","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Division, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana S","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Division, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia C","family":"Perrut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Division, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0235-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo G M","family":"Balbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre M","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Division, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio M C","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Division, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5565-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Signorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.5"},{"key":"bibr2-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x"},{"key":"bibr3-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309106832"},{"key":"bibr4-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320949667"},{"key":"bibr5-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315576858"},{"key":"bibr6-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.507"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0048","volume":"45","author":"Draznin B","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"bibr8-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4648"},{"key":"bibr9-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15047"},{"key":"bibr10-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2015.05.010"},{"key":"bibr11-09612033221143294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52903-9.00014-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr12-09612033221143294","first-page":"1362","volume":"25","author":"Glisson CC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr13-09612033221143294","first-page":"682","volume":"87","author":"Hainer BL","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr14-09612033221143294","unstructured":"Chongsuvivatwong V. epiDisplay: epidemiological data dispaly package. 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