{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:28:30Z","timestamp":1785932910899,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and survival outcomes of SLE patients with DAH in Singapore.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of SLE patients with DAH hospitalised in 3 tertiary hospitals between January 2007 and October 2017. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory, radiologic and bronchoscopic findings, as well as the treatments, were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Survival rates were analysed between the various treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 35 patients with DAH were included in this study. Majority of them were female (71.4%) and of Chinese ethnicity (62.9%). Median age was 40.0\u00a0years (IQR: 25\u201354), with a median disease duration of 8.9\u00a0months (IQR: 0.13\u2013102.4). Haemoptysis was the most common clinical presentation, and majority had concomitant cytopaenia and lupus nephritis. All patients received high dose glucocorticoids; 27 (77.1%), 16 (45.7%) and 23 (65.7%) received cyclophosphamide (CYP), rituximab (RTX), and plasmapheresis (PLEX), respectively. Twenty-two patients required mechanical ventilation with a median duration of 12\u00a0days. Overall mortality rate was 40%, with a median survival time of 162 days. Twenty-six patients (74.3%) achieved remission, with an overall median time to remission of 12\u00a0days (IQR: 6\u201346) after diagnosis of DAH. Patients on triple therapy (CYP, RTX and PLEX) had a median survival of 162\u00a0days as compared to 14\u00a0days in patients on PLEX alone ( p = .0026).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall mortality of DAH in SLE patients remained high. There were no significant differences in patient demographics or clinical characteristics between the survivors and non-survivors. However, better survival appears to be associated with treatment with cyclophosphamide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033231180704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T22:33:42Z","timestamp":1685745222000},"page":"952-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicentre retrospective study in Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Annie HN","family":"Law","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyng 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Ehsan","family":"Saffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ching","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-09612033231180704","first-page":"558","volume":"12","author":"Abud Mendoza C","year":"1985","journal-title":"J 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