{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:14:02Z","timestamp":1777929242994,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["(#303116\/2022-6 to SGP; #304984\/2020-5 to CAS; #305242\/2019-9 to EB; and #303378\/2022-0 to EFB)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(#303116\/2022-6 to SGP; #304984\/2020-5 to CAS; #305242\/2019-9 to EB; and #303378\/2022-0 to EFB)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["(#2015\/03756-4 to EB, CAS, NEA and SGP)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(#2015\/03756-4 to EB, CAS, NEA and SGP)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dose reduction (2\u20133\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) sustain lipoprotein levels achieved with higher doses of 2016-American Academy of Ophthalmology (2016-AAO) in stable lupus nephritis (LN) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-seven consecutive stable LN patients using HCQ 2016-AAO recommended dose for \u22656 months were enrolled and assigned to one of two groups: Reduced HCQ group (n = 21):LN patients who, upon inclusion, reduced 2016-AAO dose (2\u20133\u00a0mg\/kg\/day); and Maintenance HCQ group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 26):LN patients who continued on the standard 2016-AAO recommended HCQ dose (4.0\u20135.5\u00a0mg\/kg actual body weight, maximum 400\u00a0mg\/day) throughout 12-month study period. Blood HCQ levels, lipid profile and SLE parameters (including SLEDAI-2K) were assessed at baseline, 3 and 12-month.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline demographics, comorbidities and disease parameters were similar among groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05). Initial blood levels of Reduced HCQ group were 1219.4 (1041.7\u20131926.6)ng\/mL and a progressive significant decrease were identified after 3 and 12 months [651.2 (538.4\u2013832.6)vs.468.8 (228.4\u2013925.6)ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001]. Maintenance HCQ group had no changes in HCQ levels during the study [1179.7 (905.5\u20131607.3)vs.1026.2 (710.5-1345.8)vs.907.9 (663.9-1304.2)ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .158]. No changes were observed on the longitudinal total cholesterol levels of Reduced HCQ [166 (113\u2013198)vs.153 (85\u2013192)vs.150 (90\u2013231)mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .964] and Maintenance HCQ [155 (114\u2013244)vs.154 (122\u2013210)vs.155 (112\u2013213)mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .395]. LDL cholesterol levels of Reduced HCQ [91 (52\u2013163)vs.83 (41\u2013136vs.87 (47\u2013165)mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .917] and Maintenance HCQ [79 (36\u2013114)vs.76.5 (33\u2013111)vs.75.5 (63\u2013131)mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .412] remained similar. Other lipoprotein levels remained stable during 1\u00a0year of study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to show that reducing HCQ to 2-3\u00a0mg\/kg\/day preserves lipid stability over 12 months in stable lupus nephritis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033251413980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T12:57:38Z","timestamp":1766840258000},"page":"174-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of hydroxychloroquine dose reduction (2\u20133\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) on lipoprotein levels in stable lupus nephritis: A 12-month randomized controlled longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4707-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilson Marreiros","family":"Nunes Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia Emi","family":"Aikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9onard","family":"de Vinci Kanda Kupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7343-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Gofinet","family":"Pasoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Parente Costa","family":"Seguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8801-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Figueiredo","family":"Neves Yuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle Remi\u00e3o","family":"Ugolini Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9250-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clovis Artur","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-4681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloisa Silva","family":"Dutra de Oliveira Bonf\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6194-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Ferreira","family":"Borba Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Dubois\u2019 lupus erythematosus","author":"Wallace DJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wallace DJ, Hahn B. 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