{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T21:17:10Z","timestamp":1781990230640,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anusandhan National Research Foundation","award":["ANRF\/PAIR\/2025\/000029\/PAIR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRF\/PAIR\/2025\/000029\/PAIR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease involving Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes Th17 cell differentiation, contributing to SLE pathogenesis. However, studies assessing IL-23 levels in SLE patients have reported inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of circulating IL-23 levels with SLE, including their correlation with disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost) were utilized for a systematic search of observational studies comparing IL-23 levels in SLE patients and healthy controls, along with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), to assess disease activity. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the data extraction process and quality assessment. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) v4 was used as another tool to perform the meta-analysis. Moreover, robustness of findings was assured by Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA), sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity, and publication bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results were derived from 12 studies involving 680 SLE patients and 416 healthy controls. Elevated levels of IL-23 were reported in SLE patients compared to controls (MD = 71.467; 95% CI: 26.44\u2013116.49;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) in the pooled analysis. IL-23 levels were higher in active versus inactive SLE (MD = 27.777;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.085), although the difference was statistically insignificant. A significant positive correlation was recorded between IL-23 and SLEDAI scores (correlation coefficient = 0.510;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.027). Ethnicity-specific analysis supported similar trends in East Asian and Middle Eastern populations. Sensitivity and TSA confirmed the robustness and adequacy of the sample size for the association between IL-23 and SLE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis reveals a significant association between elevated IL-23 levels and SLE, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Further longitudinal studies are required to validate its utility in SLE monitoring and therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033251414739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T19:47:06Z","timestamp":1767728826000},"page":"235-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interleukin-23 levels and their association with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9964-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shovit","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolhan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5285-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhavi","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya K","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berhampur University"},{"name":"Berhampur University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2315"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103648"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370218824547"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14040347"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Significance of interleukin 23 in systemic lupus patients: relation to disease activity and damage indices","volume":"17","author":"Haroon MM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haroon MM, Hegazy GA, Hassanien MA, et al. 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