{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:14:02Z","timestamp":1777929242904,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Recently, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene has emerged as an attractive candidate gene implicated in susceptibility to autoimmune disease such as Juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate\n CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n exon 1 + 49A\/G (rs231775)\n SNP<\/jats:italic>\n as a genetic marker for susceptibility to JSLE and lupus nephritis in Egyptian children and adolescents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective case-control study included 260 patients diagnosed with Juvenile-onset SLE, and 260 healthy controls. We genotyped all participants for CTLA-4 (A\/G) (rs231775)\n SNP<\/jats:italic>\n located in exon 1 at position 49 by polymerase chain reaction.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n exon 1 + 49\n G\/G<\/jats:italic>\n gene variant and\n G<\/jats:italic>\n allele were significantly more represented in JSLE patients than healthy controls (27% vs 8%; ORs = 4.2; [95% CI: 2.4 \u2013 7.3]; for the\n G\/G<\/jats:italic>\n genotype) and (47.5% vs 35%; ORs: 1.7; [95% CIs: 1.3 \u2013 2.2]\n ;<\/jats:italic>\n for\n G<\/jats:italic>\n allele);\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01. The\n CTLA-4\u00a0G\/G<\/jats:italic>\n genotype and\n G<\/jats:italic>\n allele were identified as possible risk factors for development of lupus nephritis (for\n G\/G<\/jats:italic>\n genotype; ORs: 5.09; [95% CIs: 1.7 - 13.9];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0001, and for\n G-<\/jats:italic>\n allele; ORs: 2.4; [95% CIs: 1.5 - 3.78];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .004).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>\n exon 1 + 49\n A\/G<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism may confer susceptibility to Juvenile-onset SLE. Moreover,\n CTLA-4\u00a0G\/G<\/jats:italic>\n genotype and\n G<\/jats:italic>\n allele at exon 1 + 49 may constitute independent risk factors for development of lupus nephritis in Egyptian children and adolescents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033251414929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:06:46Z","timestamp":1767636406000},"page":"280-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of CTLA-4 exon 1(+49 A\/G) polymorphism and susceptibility to SLE in Egyptian children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Faika","family":"Arab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amany N.","family":"Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aly A.","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Capital University (formerly Helwan University), Administrative Capital, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdulhay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Capital University (formerly Helwan University), Administrative Capital, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed K.","family":"Haridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa M.","family":"Al-Fahham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia M","family":"Selim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Adan New Women & Children Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.S.","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attia A.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassem","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehab M.","family":"Nabil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa M","family":"Abdelnaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Z.","family":"AbdelKareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona R.","family":"Afify","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of basic medical science, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesam K.","family":"Bakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of basic medical science, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossam R.","family":"Alkashgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of basic medical science, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laila M.","family":"Almoraie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SDFM. Family Medicine Registrar, Department of Family Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maher S.","family":"Shalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah R.","family":"Khazindar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Jeddah, College of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Bawazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yassir","family":"Daghistani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reem A.","family":"Alomari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of National Guard health affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abrar A.","family":"Balkhair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of National Guard health affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wejdan Ibrahim","family":"Alhusaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Saudi Board KAAUH, Pediatric Infectious 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Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman S.A.M.","family":"Ayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hytham","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest diseases, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Elwan","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Z.","family":"Shoaeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 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