{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:06:36Z","timestamp":1779188796588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006285","name":"Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005390","name":"Alfred \u00d6sterlunds Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004817","name":"Lund University Medical Faculty Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018740","name":"Anna-Greta Crafoords Stiftelse f\u00f6r Reumatologisk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018740","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007857","name":"Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-\u00e5rsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011077","name":"Sk\u00e5nes universitetssjukhus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006075","name":"Greta och Johan Kocks stiftelser","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type I interferons (IFN) drive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. Some patients develop neutralizing IFN autoantibodies (anti-IFN ab), which theoretically could modify disease activity. We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-IFN ab in patients with SLE, identify the age and when during the disease course of anti-IFN ab emerge, and assess their association with organ damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 173 SLE patients from the Lund Lupus Cohort. Samples taken at routine outpatient visits were analyzed for anti-IFN ab using ELISA, and positive samples were tested for IFN neutralizing capacity with a gene-reporter assay. Longitudinal samples were analyzed to determine the time-point and age of first positive sample. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from research registries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen (10.4%) patients were positive for anti-IFN ab by ELISA. Among these, antibodies from nine patients (5.2%) displayed IFN neutralizing capacity. No statistically significant differences were detected between patients positive for neutralizing antibodies and antibody-negative patients with respect to demography, organ damage or ACR classification criteria. The group with neutralizing antibodies were slightly older (median age 59 vs 45 years, p = .14) and had a higher proportion of renal involvement (67% vs 33%, p = .088). Longitudinal analysis of samples from patients with neutralizing anti-IFN ab revealed two age-related patterns: late-onset (\u226565 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4), including one patient positive at diagnosis at age 69, and early-onset (\u226440 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5), with antibodies present at or soon after diagnosis in four cases. Organ damage did not differ between patients with or without neutralizing antibodies (p = .65). At the latest follow-up (2\u201338 years after anti-IFN ab detection), three of nine patients remained free of organ damage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 5% of SLE patients have neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies, which may present early in disease or develop later in life. While late-onset antibodies may reflect age-related changes in immune regulation and early-onset antibodies could potentially modulate IFN-driven mechanisms, our data do not support a protective effect against organ damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033261432154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:19:33Z","timestamp":1773224373000},"page":"623-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neutralizing autoantibodies against interferon alpha in systemic lupus erythematosus: Prevalence, age of onset, and clinical associations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2638-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Grenmyr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Gullstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petrus","family":"Linge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"J\u00f6nsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders A.","family":"Bengtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University and Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2023-001032"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103648"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13304"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1339714"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl4340"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220514"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230661"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20202486"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107999003321532475"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30399"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-222549"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100894"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_9_15_2","first-page":"20200120","article-title":"Contributions of age-related thymic involution to immunosenescence and inflammaging","volume":"17","author":"Thomas R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas R, Wang W, Su DM. Contributions of age-related thymic involution to immunosenescence and inflammaging. Immun Ageing 2020; 17(2): 20200120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12979-020-0173-8","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09612033261432154","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09612033261432154","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09612033261432154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:11:36Z","timestamp":1779185496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09612033261432154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09612033261432154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09612033261432154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]}}}