{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:25:22Z","timestamp":1777944322399,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Community of Excellence for Global Health Equity, UB"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022627","name":"Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, CMC, Vellore"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder influenced both intrinsically by immune cell alterations, genetic factors, and the microbiome, as well as extrinsically by environmental factors.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : In this pilot study, we investigated the role of various peripheral immune cells (CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD4-\/CD8-, NK cells (CD16\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and CD19\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and the gut and salivary microbiota in patients with SLE, comparing these factors to healthy controls.\u00a0\n                    <jats:bold>Results and Discussion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Results showed significant alterations in the proportions of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0T cells in SLE patients, with an inverse correlation between these subsets. Additionally, the CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0ratio was found to be elevated in SLE. CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0T cells were strongly correlated with double-negative T cells, while CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0T cells correlated with NK cells. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing of fecal and salivary samples revealed a disruption in the microbiome, particularly the taxa\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pasteurellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0and\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Veillonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which were altered in both the gut and oral microbiomes of SLE patients. These changes suggest that there may be overlap in the composition and function of these microbial populations across different body sites. Dysbiosis was observed in both the gut and oral microbiomes of individuals with SLE, distinguishing them from healthy controls.\u00a0\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">:<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0Our findings highlight specific microbiome alterations in SLE patients and suggest that microbiome composition could serve as a potential exploratory tool for diagnosing and prognosticating the disease in larger, adequately powered cohorts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033261432163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:24:01Z","timestamp":1773926641000},"page":"667-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gut and oral microbiota characterized in systemic lupus erythematosus patients from India: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Josna","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santosh K.","family":"Patnaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center"},{"name":"State University of New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dilip","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8074-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessy","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1100359"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex260"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61499-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2021.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535520"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.816005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-0093"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-019-00537-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2604"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05698"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1768644"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005246"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01548-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1880220"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214856"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00494"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8728-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Phyloseq: a bioconductor package for handling and analysis of high-throughput phylogenetic sequence data","author":"McMurdie PJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"McMurdie PJ, Holmes S. 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