{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:09:38Z","timestamp":1780567778885,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache is one of the most frequent neurological symptoms in SLE; however, its definition and relationship with the disease remain unclear. Distinguishing whether a headache is attributable to lupus or represents a primary headache disorder can be challenging. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the prevalence, frequency, and associated clinical factors of primary headaches in juvenile-onset SLE (jSLE) compared to healthy peers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional case-control study included 32 children with jSLE and 38 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, who were evaluated between July and September 2025. Headache characteristics were assessed using a standardized questionnaire and classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3). All participants underwent neurological and fundoscopic examinations. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment-related parameters including disease activity (SLEDAI-2K), cumulative dose of systemic corticosteroids, and autoantibody profiles were compared between jSLE patients with and without primary headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Primary headache was observed in 31.3% of jSLE patients (10\/32) and 10.5% of controls (4\/38) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03). Among jSLE patients with headache, migraine without aura (60%) and tension-type headache (40%) were the predominant subtypes. Compared with those without headache, patients with headache had higher BMI z-scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), shorter sleep duration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), more frequent antiphospholipid antibody positivity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), and higher cumulative corticosteroid doses (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). Disease activity and duration did not differ significantly.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary headaches, particularly migraine, are more frequent in pediatric lupus compared to healthy controls. Their associations with BMI, sleep, antiphospholipid antibodies, and corticosteroid exposure suggest multifactorial origins rather than direct links to disease activity. These findings highlight the need for larger, prospective studies to clarify underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033261445761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T18:03:52Z","timestamp":1776708232000},"page":"851-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary headaches in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A preliminary case control study using ICHD-3 criteria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengisu","family":"Menento\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl\u015fah","family":"Kavrul Kayaalp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selen","family":"Duygu Ar\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"Dudakl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cenk","family":"Baykan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artvin Yusufeli State Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Akg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00fclya","family":"Mara\u015f Gen\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma G\u00fcl","family":"Demirkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman Training and Research Hospital Istanbul"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Figen","family":"\u00c7akmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ba\u015fak\u015fehir \u00c7am and Sakura State Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edibe","family":"Pembeg\u00fcl Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuray","family":"Aktay Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108274"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102780"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001029"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160340"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2025-001634"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-009-0198-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2183"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390303"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2005.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders. 3rd edition. Cephalalgia, 2018, pp. 1\u2013211.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2024.152566"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Headaches in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"83","author":"Cajado BSM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cajado BSM, Andrade RLF, Pereira MAC, et al. Headaches in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a cross-sectional study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2025; 83(7): 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0045-1810407","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01541-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008105"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1225935"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181eee244"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JLP.JLP_171_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318816819"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2023.105559"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01962.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","first-page":"753","article-title":"Assessment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"41","author":"Kilic H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kilic H, Sahin S, Toprak MF, et al. Assessment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2023; 41(3): 753\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/7pgsnc","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09612033261445761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09612033261445761","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09612033261445761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:51:35Z","timestamp":1780566695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09612033261445761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09612033261445761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09612033261445761","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]}}}