{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:47:50Z","timestamp":1782920870330,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brewer Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the reading &amp; comprehension levels of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patient educational materials (PEMs) available online, from both nonprofit and for-profit organizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed PEMs from four nonprofit organizations (American College of Rheumatology [ACR], Lupus Foundation of America [LFA], Lupus Research Alliance [LRA], Lupus Society of Illinois [LSI]) &amp; three for-profit company\u2019s platforms (Aurinia, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline [GSK]). Reading &amp; comprehension scores were calculated using six standard tools, and comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA &amp; Tukey\u2019s post-hoc analysis. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value \u22640.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The average Flesch\u2013Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) across all PEMs were 10.05 \u00b1 0.70 and 52.68 \u00b1 4.10, respectively. Materials from nonprofit organizations had a FKGL of 10.35 \u00b1 0.88 and a FRES of 51.19 \u00b1 4.91, indicating a reading level requiring 10th- to 12th-grade proficiency. For-profit organizations had a slightly lower FKGL of 9.98 \u00b1 0.42 and a higher FRES of 54.35 \u00b1 2.65. These differences were not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.53 and 0.16). However, significant within-group differences were observed. Among nonprofits, PEMs from LFA had the most favorable readability metrics (FKGL 9.19 \u00b1 0.44, FRES 58.34 \u00b1 3.11), compared to ACR (10.64 \u00b1 0.56, 49.81 \u00b1 2.24), LRA (10.53 \u00b1 0.61, 50.54 \u00b1 2.69), and LSI (11.28 \u00b1 0.45, 45.64 \u00b1 2.03) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Among for-profits, PEMs from Aurinia had significantly better readability scores (FKGL 9.59 \u00b1 0.46, FRES 55.77 \u00b1 3.05) than those from AstraZeneca (9.93 \u00b1 0.38, 53.13 \u00b1 2.48) and GSK (9.86 \u00b1 0.25, 54.28 \u00b1 2.16) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most SLE patient education materials available online are written at or above a 10th-grade level. These findings highlight the urgent need to improve PEM readability to support patients with lower health literacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033261458430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T18:15:51Z","timestamp":1780942551000},"page":"939-947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the readability and comprehension of patient education materials for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) available online"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4006-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagoor","family":"Shaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8396-0320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugochukwu C","family":"Nweke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Medical College, Rush University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-2751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Jolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"American College of Rheumatology. 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