{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:09:22Z","timestamp":1789456162303,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and multi-organ involvement. Current understanding of SLE pathogenesis remains limited, particularly due to the cellular and molecular diversity of immune cells across tissues. Therefore, a comprehensive review synthesizing recent advances in applying single-cell technologies to SLE research is urgently needed to bridge this knowledge gap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-resolution transcriptomic profiling at the single-cell level. This technology facilitates the identification of rare cell subsets, the characterization of cellular states, and the elucidation of disease-specific gene expression patterns. This technology has been applied to various SLE sample types, including peripheral blood, kidney, skin, and bone marrow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ScRNA-seq has revealed distinct immune cell subpopulations and their functional alterations in SLE, including aberrant B- and T-cell subsets, dysregulated interferon-stimulated genes, and pathogenic low-density granulocytes. Crucially, by deconvoluting this cellular heterogeneity, these high-resolution insights bridge the gap between fundamental pathogenesis and clinical application, uncovering cell-specific pathways that can be harnessed as actionable therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. Integration with spatial transcriptomics and machine learning further enhances research capabilities. These tools allow for mapping disease-specific immune niches and predicting clinical outcomes. Ultimately, these findings underscore the transformative potential of scRNA-seq in decoding SLE pathogenesis and guiding future targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033261458583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:30:52Z","timestamp":1780500652000},"page":"1103-1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single-cell sequencing in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Anrui","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengde","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuochao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2823-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junna","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruijin Hospital"},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","first-page":"e30330","article-title":"An overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, classification, and management","volume":"14","author":"Ameer MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ameer MA, Chaudhry H, Mushtaq J, et al. An overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, classification, and management. Cureus 2022; 14(10): e30330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.30330","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2315"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2014-000078"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.041673"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","first-page":"e22938","article-title":"A practical perspective of the hematologic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Santacruz JC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santacruz JC, Mantilla MJ, Rueda I, et al. A practical perspective of the hematologic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cureus 2022; 14(3): e22938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.22938","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123386"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0398-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2019-000329"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214379"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00948-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010905"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.468"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707865"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35100573"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3351"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203525"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0743-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","first-page":"2024","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveal potent extrafollicular B cell response linked with granzyme K(+) CD8 T cell activation in lupus kidney","volume":"17","author":"Wu C","unstructured":"Wu C, Jiang S, Chen Z, et al. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal potent extrafollicular B cell response linked with granzyme K(+) CD8 T cell activation in lupus kidney. Ann Rheum Dis. Published online October; 17: 2024.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082392"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902711"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42784"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.626820"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102949"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102870"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1376933"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104507"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000815"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111606"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000693"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2024.2376649"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00652-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-0970-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1081889"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adk1643"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte T and B in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"21","author":"Hu S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hu S, Tao D, He P. Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte T and B in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Tongji Med Univ 2001; 21(2): 108\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02888069","journal-title":"J Tongji Med Univ"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20209292"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2020-000463"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0358-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908576116"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108507"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-00967-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-021-00161-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000270"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021553"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92455-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01955-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208140"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103477"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90176-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302112"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13103"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30893-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031104"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-192559"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105432"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1212330"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02660-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.969509"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0141-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30293"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000311"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39594"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008146"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20519"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00318.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0232-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar2131"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213485"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03750-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215039"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1237"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224788"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38410"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16047917"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2023.0047"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1309447"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138345"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0386-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adl1666"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220089"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_8_94_2","first-page":"Cd007478","article-title":"Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"3","author":"Hannon CW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hannon CW, Mccourt C, Lima HC, et al. Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 3(3): Cd007478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd007478.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35209-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.775353"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2009.01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.156341"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200409"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42750"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.795209"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1282770"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1383358"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03076.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23084462"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.11.3919"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052706"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.85935"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1381445"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93872-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1015882"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09612033261458583","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09612033261458583","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09612033261458583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:31:49Z","timestamp":1789453909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09612033261458583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09612033261458583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09612033261458583","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]}}}