{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1789456158761,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico de Jalisco para atender retos sociales \u201cFODECIJAL 2023\u201d","award":["10586-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10586-2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) features aberrant T-B cooperation and expansion of atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) characterized by the expression of CD11c and T-bet. We investigated the relationship between IL-21\/IL-21R and the activation state of cTfh and Tph, with CD11c+T-bet + B cell subsets and clinical activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 15 healthy subjects (HS). A multiparameter flow cytometry was used to evaluate Tph (CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CXCR5\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      PD-1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), cTfh (CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CXCR5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      PD-1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and aMBCs (CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CXCR5\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) subsets and intracellular expression of IL-17A (iIL-17A), IL-21 (iIL-21), and T-bet. The disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI-2K.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found an increased frequency of cTfh PD-1\n                      <jats:sup>vh<\/jats:sup>\n                      , HLA-DR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , IL-21R\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and Tph PD-1\n                      <jats:sup>vh<\/jats:sup>\n                      , HLA-DR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and iIL-21\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells in SLE patients. The aNAV T-bet\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells were expanded in SLE patients. Activated T-cell states (iIL-21\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/IL-21R\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/PD-1\n                      <jats:sup>vh<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/HLA-DR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) correlated with T-bet\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells subsets. Finally, activated cTfh\/Tph and aMBCs correlated with SLEDAI-2K.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide new insights into the cooperative expression of IL-21\/IL-21R and T-bet and their potential relationships with extrafollicular B-cell responses in SLE. These results highlight the IL-21\/T-bet axis, offering potential avenues for biomarker development and targeted therapeutic intervention in SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033261466751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T09:40:51Z","timestamp":1782985251000},"page":"1175-1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["T-bet expression in B cell subsets: Association with T peripheral helper cells and clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1966-1412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Mireles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzel Mar\u00eda","family":"Borunda-Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1658-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Mar\u00edn Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"},{"name":"Departamento de Reumatolog\u00eda, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretar\u00eda de Salud JAL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo C.","family":"Ortiz-Lazareno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"Espinoza-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"},{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7814-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Celeste","family":"Salazar-Camarena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"},{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5895-6847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aar\u00f3n","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor Giancarlo","family":"Torres-Nu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"},{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-4186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Azucena","family":"Palafox-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guadalajara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","first-page":"e30330","article-title":"An overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, classification, and management","volume":"14","author":"Ameer MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ameer MA, Chaudhry H, Mushtaq J, et al. 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