{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:11:09Z","timestamp":1789456269216,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition showing persistent profiling of inflammation and damage of organs and immune system. Amongst many biomarkers for such autoimmune diseases, Galectin-3 (Gal-3) a \u03b2-galactoside-binding lectin responsible for regulation, inflammation, and fibrosis of immune repsonses, has engrossed researchers for further investigations as a potential biomarker. However, correlation has been studied between circulating Galectin-3 levels and SLE but outcomes still remain inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between circulating galectin-3 levels and SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Embase databases are extensively used for literature search. The last database search was conducted on September 6, 2025. Eligible studies included case control studies reporting circulating galectin-3 levels in individuals with SLE and healthy controls. Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for statistical analysis. Pooled effect sizes were calculated as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using Begg\u2019s funnel plot and Egger\u2019s regression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that patients with SLE had significantly higher circulating Galectin-3 levels than healthy controls (mean difference = 8.48; 95% CI: 3.84\u201313.12;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies (Tau square: 32.57, Q = 196.03;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 96.93%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the overall findings. Begg\u2019s funnel plot and Egger\u2019s regression analysis indicated no publication bias among studies. Subgroup analysis supports the results of the overall analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis depicts that galectin-3 may serve as a biomarker associated with SLE pathogenesis and inflammatory activity due to significantly elevated levels of circulating galectin-3 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033261467987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:30:27Z","timestamp":1783528227000},"page":"1227-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of galectin-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9964-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shovit","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolhan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5285-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhavi","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berhampur University"},{"name":"Berhampur University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-073980"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00797-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0141-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2005.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030389"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02006-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215593826"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.1.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119493"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2020.92320"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-017-9146-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612827666210927164935"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317736144"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13677"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08989621.2024.2334722"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","volume-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"Wells GA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, et al. 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