{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:16:02Z","timestamp":1777929362578,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thirty-one consecutive patients with SLE were screened for antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-DNA antibodies, extractable nuclear antigen antibodies (anti-ENAs) including anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti- SSA (anti-Ro), anti-SSB; (anti-La), anti-Sc1-70, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), C3 and C4 levels, anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), biologically false positive serological test for syphilis (BF-STS) using VDRL test and Coombs' test. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 52 year with a median of 29 year; female to male ratio of 5 : 1. There were 21 Kuwaitis, four Egyptians, three from the Indian subcontinent, two Filipinos and one Syrian. Main clinical categories of SLE were: mild cutaneous SLE in 12 (38.7%), clinical antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) secondary to SLE in 8 (25.8%), haematological manifestations of SLE in 5 (16.1%), renal lupus in four (12.9%), neuropsychiatric in three (9.7%), others (6.4%). Clinical features overlapped in several patients. ANA was positive in 96.8% (mean value 891.61 units\/ml), anti-DNA in 35.5% (mean value 56.4 units) that was lower than expected and could be due to selection bias as the patients were from a rheumatology clinic, anti-ENA in 42%, anti-Sm 13% that was lower than other non-Caucasian populations, anti-RNP 13%, anti-SS-A in 35.5%, anti-SS-B in 19.4%, Sc1-70 in 13%, CRP in 71% (moderate 58%, very high 13%); C3 mean 1.52 mg\/ml (3.2% low levels), C4 mean 0.35 mg\/ml (32% low levels), anticardiolipin mean GPL 35.35 units (high 58%), mean MPL 10.61 units (high 26%), BF-STS in 6%, Coombs' test in 6%, RF positive in 36%. The only significant positive clinical associations observed were those of renal involvement with anti-DNA antibodies ( P = 0.042), and clinical antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with aCL antibodies ( P = &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339700600808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]],"date-time":"2007-11-26T19:27:11Z","timestamp":1196105231000},"page":"668-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Serological characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus from a hospital-based rheumatology clinic in Kuwait"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Adla","family":"Al-Mekaimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology (Clinical Immunology Division), Kuwait University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AN","family":"Malaviya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kuwait University, Department of Medicine, Murbarak Al-Kabeer Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Serebour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology (Clinical Immunology Division), Kuwait University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Umamaheswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kuwait University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Adan Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Al-Saeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, Department of Pediatrics, Murbarak Al-Kabeer Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PN","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Computer Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(73)90034-6"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1974.00320240061006"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"186","volume":"3","author":"Morton RO","year":"1976","journal-title":"JRheumatol"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220403"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.38.4.320"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.39.3.266"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250109"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250409"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.5.529"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/22.3.165"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"187","volume":"39","author":"Al-Nahdi MS","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trop Georg Med"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"90","volume":"3","author":"Al-Nasser NA","year":"1988","journal-title":"JRSH"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02214938"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208351"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/25.11.1909"},{"issue":"24","key":"atypb17","first-page":"2A-16S","volume":"100","author":"Barland P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00445-2","volume":"21","author":"Sibley J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Maddison PJ Autoantibody profile. 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