{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:44:27Z","timestamp":1788497067528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stat Methods Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the past decade, hundreds of genome-wide association studies have been conducted to detect the significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with certain diseases. However, most of the data from the X chromosome were not analyzed and only a few significant associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the X chromosome have been identified from genome-wide association studies. This is mainly due to the lack of powerful statistical tests. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical approach that combines the information of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the X chromosome from both males and females in an efficient way. The proposed approach avoids the need of making strong assumptions about the underlying genetic models. Our proposed statistical test is a robust method that only makes the assumption that the risk allele is the same for both females and males if the single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with the disease for both genders. Through simulation study and a real data application, we show that the proposed procedure is robust and have excellent performance compared to existing methods. We expect that many more associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the X chromosome will be identified if the proposed approach is applied to current available genome-wide association studies data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280214551815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T00:59:45Z","timestamp":1411606785000},"page":"567-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Detecting associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the X chromosome in case control genome-wide association studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhongxue","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hon Keung Tony","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Sam Houston State Uiversity, Huntsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2415"},{"key":"bibr2-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0905980"},{"key":"bibr3-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323768"},{"key":"bibr4-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxn007"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr5-0962280214551815","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Clayton DG","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Med"},{"key":"bibr6-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20244"},{"key":"bibr7-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527633654"},{"key":"bibr8-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03479"},{"key":"bibr9-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20616"},{"key":"bibr10-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000334719"},{"key":"bibr11-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-AOS697"},{"key":"bibr12-0962280214551815","volume-title":"Statistical methods for research workers","author":"Fisher RA","year":"1932"},{"key":"bibr13-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177698701"},{"key":"bibr14-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts093"},{"key":"bibr15-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-6-S1-S9"},{"key":"bibr16-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20615"},{"key":"bibr17-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2013.04.021"},{"key":"bibr18-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-86"},{"key":"bibr19-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2014.04.015"},{"key":"bibr20-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-358"},{"key":"bibr21-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330135"},{"key":"bibr22-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.10.081"},{"key":"bibr23-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002089"},{"key":"bibr24-0962280214551815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533494"},{"key":"bibr25-0962280214551815","unstructured":"Chen Z, Huang H and Ng HKT. 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