{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T02:44:47Z","timestamp":1775270687236,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDI2022-137050NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDI2022-137050NB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stat Methods Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In many practical situations, some subjects may never experience the event of interest in their lifetime. These subjects are referred to as the cured or non-susceptible subjects. In the context of chronic disease treatment, this is referred to as a cure fraction. In this work, we extend the generalized time-dependent logistic (GTDL) model proposed by MacKenzie (1996) to a flexible family of models which accommodates not only non-proportional hazards, but also long-term survivors. Inferential methods are then developed for the proposed model and a Monte Carlo simulation study is also carried out to evaluate the performance of the model as well as the inferential method developed here. A real data example on gastric cancer is then used to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09622802251414429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T17:24:32Z","timestamp":1769793872000},"page":"653-666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A non-proportional hazards cure model\u00a0with an application to gastric cancer\u00a0data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0838-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M Mar","family":"Fenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complutense University of Madrid"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Carmen","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complutense University of Madrid"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Regression models for survival data: the generalized time-dependent logistic family","volume":"45","author":"MacKenzie G","year":"1996","unstructured":"MacKenzie G. Regression models for survival data: the generalized time-dependent logistic family. J R Stat Soc D 1996; 45: 21\u201334.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc D"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balakrishnan N Pardo MC Avenda\u00f1o ML. Generalized logit-based proportional hazards models and their applications in survival and reliability analysis. In Stochastic Reliability and Maintenance Modeling. Springer 2013 pp. 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4971-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"358","article-title":"A semiparametric generalized proportional hazards model for right-censored data","volume":"68","author":"Pardo MC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pardo MC, Avenda\u00f1o ML. A semiparametric generalized proportional hazards model for right-censored data. Ann Inst Stat Math 2016; 68: 358\u2013384.","journal-title":"Ann Inst Stat Math"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"Blagojevic M MacKenzie G Ha ID. A comparison of ph and non-ph survival models with gamma frailty. In Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling 2003. pp. 39\u201344."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"MacKenzie G Ha D. Modelling survival data with crossing hazards. In Proceedings of the 22th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling Greece. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. IWSM 2007. pp. 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471082X0801000304"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/13-BJPS232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Cure mixture model based on hazard modeling non-proportional, application to esophageal cancer","volume":"2","author":"Rasouli M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rasouli M, Ghadimi M, Shohani M et\u00a0al. Cure mixture model based on hazard modeling non-proportional, application to esophageal cancer. J Biostat Epidemiol 2016; 2: 52\u201359.","journal-title":"J Biostat Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280219883905"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-32-383-725"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1965.10480772"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/2420"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1949.tb00020.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","volume-title":"Survival Analysis With Long-Term Survivors","author":"Maller R","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maller R, Zhou X. Survival Analysis With Long-Term Survivors. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02664760903301127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02664763.2018.1498464"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","unstructured":"MacKenzie G. A logistic regression model for survival data. In Stasinopoulis M and touloumi G (eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Statistical Modelling Greece. Springer Series in Reliability Engineering. 2002. pp. 431\u2013437."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42081-021-00129-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"1771","article-title":"A comparison of combination chemotherapy and combined modality therapy for locally advanced gastric carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Schein P","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schein P, Lombard V. A comparison of combination chemotherapy and combined modality therapy for locally advanced gastric carcinoma. J Biostatist Epidemiol 1982; 49: 1771\u20131777.","journal-title":"J Biostatist Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Statistical Methods in Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09622802251414429","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09622802251414429","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09622802251414429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:46:46Z","timestamp":1775267206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09622802251414429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09622802251414429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09622802251414429","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-2802","1477-0334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-2802","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]}}}