{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T13:27:39Z","timestamp":1762090059570,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Underst Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Individuals in high-income countries increasingly express less scientific optimism than in lower-income societies. In this article, we utilize risk society theory to understand the complicated relationship between individual- and country-level factors, and optimism toward the role of science in society in \u201creflexively modern\u201d societies. We use multilevel modeling with 16 high-income countries to determine the individual-level and country-level factors that shape scientific optimism. Next, we look at the individual characteristics that affect scientific optimism in each country individually. At the individual level, we find that older people, the more highly educated and higher earning, those farther to the Right on the political spectrum, and those with more materialist (rather than postmaterialist) attitudes have higher scientific optimism, while more religious people have lower optimism regarding science. At the country level, we make a corollary argument about materialism: societies that have higher measles immunization rates, generate more electricity from fossil fuels, and have a greater percentage of mobile phone subscriptions, have populaces that are more optimistic toward science. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09636625231165150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T06:09:24Z","timestamp":1684217364000},"page":"781-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The health and environmental risks and rewards of modernity that shape scientific optimism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1062-4813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Valdosta State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203279311"},{"key":"bibr2-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662506070159"},{"key":"bibr3-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/6.2.163"},{"volume-title":"Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity","year":"1992","author":"Beck U","key":"bibr4-09636625231165150"},{"key":"bibr5-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764211409739"},{"volume-title":"The Risk Society Revisited: Social Theory and Governance","year":"2014","author":"Beck U","key":"bibr6-09636625231165150"},{"key":"bibr7-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240306800305"},{"key":"bibr8-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001738"},{"key":"bibr9-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2021.101955"},{"key":"bibr10-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-022-00550-2"},{"key":"bibr11-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137469502_9"},{"key":"bibr12-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/edz040"},{"key":"bibr13-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-682X.1999.tb00885.x"},{"key":"bibr14-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122412438225"},{"volume-title":"The Constitution of Society","year":"1984","author":"Giddens A","key":"bibr15-09636625231165150"},{"volume-title":"Runaway World: How Globalization Is Reshaping Our Lives","year":"2002","author":"Giddens A","key":"bibr16-09636625231165150"},{"key":"bibr17-09636625231165150","unstructured":"Grunwald M (2017) Trump\u2019s love affair with coal. Available at: http:\/\/politi.co\/2Cls0ta (accessed 8 August 2018)."},{"key":"bibr18-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268580914536413"},{"key":"bibr19-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.0.0217"},{"key":"bibr20-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156913306778667401"},{"key":"bibr21-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1962590"},{"volume-title":"World Values Survey: Round Six","year":"2018","author":"Inglehart R","key":"bibr22-09636625231165150"},{"key":"bibr23-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scipol\/sct032"},{"key":"bibr24-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.23.21253857"},{"key":"bibr25-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1289008"},{"key":"bibr26-09636625231165150","unstructured":"McGrath M (2021) US rejoins Paris accord: Biden\u2019s first act sets tone for ambitious approach. BBC News. Available at: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-55732386"},{"key":"bibr27-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.039"},{"key":"bibr28-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662517754047"},{"key":"bibr29-09636625231165150","first-page":"123","volume-title":"State\/Culture: State-Formation after the Cultural Turn","author":"Meyer JW","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr30-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0735275113513264"},{"key":"bibr31-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/231174"},{"key":"bibr32-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2112679"},{"key":"bibr33-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026858093008004003"},{"key":"bibr34-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9101071"},{"key":"bibr35-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662506065558"},{"volume-title":"Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty","year":"2001","author":"Nowotny H","key":"bibr36-09636625231165150"},{"key":"bibr37-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662519863575"},{"key":"bibr38-09636625231165150","unstructured":"Pappalardo L, Vanhoof M, Gabrielli L, Smoreda Z, Pedreschi D, Giannotti F (2016) Estimating economic development with mobile phone data. Available at: http:\/\/www.cisstat.com\/BigData\/CIS-BigData_08_Eng%20%20IT%20Luca%20Pappalardo%20Et%20Al%20Estimating%20Economic%20Development.pdf (accessed 30 May 2016)."},{"key":"bibr39-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268580915614593"},{"key":"bibr40-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1780846"},{"key":"bibr41-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111286"},{"key":"bibr42-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2673177"},{"key":"bibr43-09636625231165150","first-page":"200","volume-title":"The Culture of Science: How the Public Relates to Science Across the Globe","author":"Sj\u00f8berg S","year":"2012"},{"volume-title":"Risk, Environment, and Society: Ongoing Debates, Current Issues, and Future Prospects","year":"2002","author":"Strydom P","key":"bibr44-09636625231165150"},{"key":"bibr45-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1653"},{"key":"bibr46-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/edab012"},{"key":"bibr47-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0620"},{"volume-title":"World Development Indicators","year":"2018","author":"World Bank","key":"bibr48-09636625231165150"},{"key":"bibr49-09636625231165150","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) WHO\u2014Measles. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/diseases\/measles\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr50-09636625231165150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010048"},{"key":"bibr51-09636625231165150","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Global Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: Challenges, Opportunities and Implications","author":"Zimmer Z","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Public Understanding of Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09636625231165150","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09636625231165150","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09636625231165150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T16:39:16Z","timestamp":1740847156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09636625231165150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09636625231165150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09636625231165150","relation":{},"ISSN":["0963-6625","1361-6609"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0963-6625"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1361-6609"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]}}}