{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:09:38Z","timestamp":1787018978401,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University","award":["BMRP542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRP542"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Transplant"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intracranial hemorrhage from stroke and head trauma elicits a cascade of inflammatory and immune reactions detrimental to neurological integrity and function at cellular and molecular levels. This study tested the hypothesis that human umbilical cord\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cell (HUCDMSC) therapy effectively protected the brain integrity and neurological function in rat after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 30) were equally divided into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (TBI), and group 3 [TBI + HUCDMSC (1.2 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\/intravenous injection at 3 h after TBI)] and euthanized by day 28 after TBI procedure. The results of corner test and inclined plane test showed the neurological function was significantly progressively improved from days 3, 7, 14, and 28 in groups 1 and 3 than in group 2, and group 1 than in group 3 (all P &lt; 0.001). By day 28, brain magnetic resonance imaging brain ischemic volume was significantly increased in group 2 than in group 3 ( P &lt; 0.001). The protein expressions of apoptosis [mitochondrial-bax positive cells (Bax)\/cleaved-caspase3\/cleaved-poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase], fibrosis (Smad3 positive cells (Smad3)\/transforming growth factor-\u03b2), oxidative stress (NADPH Oxidase 1 (NOX-1)\/NADPH Oxidase 2 (NOX-2)\/oxidized-protein\/cytochrome b-245 alpha chain (p22phox)), and brain-edema\/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)\u2013damaged biomarkers (Aquaporin-4\/gamma H2A histone family member X ( (\u03b3-H2AX)) displayed an identical pattern to neurological function among the three groups (all P &lt; 0.0001), whereas the protein expressions of angiogenesis biomarkers (vascular endothelial growth factor\/stromal cell\u2013derived factor-1\u03b1\/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)) significantly increased from groups 1 to 3 (all P &lt; 0.0001). The cellular expressions of inflammatory biomarkers (cluster of differentiation 14 (+) cells (CD14+)\/glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells (GFAP+)\/ a member of a new family of EGF-TM7 molecules positive cells (F4\/80+)) and DNA-damaged parameter (\u03b3-H2AX) exhibited an identical pattern, whereas cellular expressions of neural integrity (hexaribonucleotide Binding Protein-3 positive cells (NeuN+)\/nestin+\/doublecortin+) exhibited an opposite pattern of neurological function among the three groups (all P &lt; 0.0001). Xenogeneic HUCDMSC therapy was safe and it significantly preserved neurological function and brain architecture in rat after TBI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720929313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T06:44:14Z","timestamp":1604990654000},"page":"096368972092931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Human Umbilical Cord\u2013Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Effectively Protected the Brain Architecture and Neurological Function in Rat After Acute Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kuan-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Lin","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Y.","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung"},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Hsun","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Wen","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Yuan","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mel S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Fujian, China"},{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6305-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hon-Kan","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital"},{"name":"Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 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