{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:58:53Z","timestamp":1777510733188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008664","name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2-SRA-2018-523-S-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-SRA-2018-523-S-B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Transplant"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>For the advancement of porcine xenotransplantation for clinical use in type 1 diabetes mellitus, the concerns of a sustainable and safe digestion enzyme blend must be overcome. Incorporating good manufacturing practices (GMP) can facilitate this through utilizing GMP-grade enzymes. In conjunction, still taking into account the cost-effectiveness, a wide concern. We evaluated how GMP-grade enzyme blends impact our piglet islets and their long-term effects. \u2003Preweaned porcine islets (PPIs) were isolated from 8- to 10-day-old pigs. Digestion enzyme blends, collagenase type V (Type V), collagenase AF-1 GMP-grade with collagenase NB 6 GMP-grade (AF-1 and NB 6), and collagenase AF-1 GMP-grade with collagenase neutral protease AF GMP-grade (AF-1 and NP AF) were compared. Islet quality control assessments, islet yield, viability, and function, were performed on days 3 and 7, and cell content was performed on day 7. \u2003GMP-grade AF-1 and NB 6 (17,209 \u00b1 2,730 islet equivalent per gram of pancreatic tissue [IE\/g] on day 3, 9,001 \u00b1 1,034 IE\/g on day 7) and AF-1 and NP AF (17,214 \u00b1 3,901 IE\/g on day 3, 8,833 \u00b1 2,398 IE\/g on day 7) showed a significant increase in islet yield compared to Type V (4,618 \u00b1 1,240 IE\/g on day 3, 1,923 \u00b1 704 IE\/g on day 7). Islet size, viability, and function showed comparable results in all enzyme blends. There was no significant difference in islet cellular content between enzyme blends. \u2003This study demonstrated a comparison of GMP-grade collagenase enzyme blends and a standard crude collagenase enzyme in preweaned-aged porcine, a novel topic in this age. GMP-grade enzyme blends of AF-1 and NB 6 and AF-1 and NP AF resulted in substantially higher yields and as effective PPIs compared to Type V. In the long run, considering costs, integrity, and sustainability, GMP-grade enzyme blends are more favorable for clinical application due to high reproducibility in comparison to undefined manufacturing processes of standard enzymes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689720977835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T01:48:38Z","timestamp":1606960118000},"page":"096368972097783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Islet Characterization from Use of Standard Crude Collagenase to GMP-Grade Collagenase Enzyme Blends in Preweaned Porcine Islet Isolations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Corrales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soomin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hien","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"M\u00f6nch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordmark Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. 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