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Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) show benefits in immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and promotion of axonal growth and remyelination, and also display efficacy in several diseases in veterinary medicine. In this report, four dogs presented with fracture of sacrum vertebrae or fracture of seventh lumbar and lumbosacral displacement after road traffic accidents. The clinical signs include lumbosacral pain (4\/4), paraparesis (3\/4), paraplegia (1\/4), and urinary incontinence (4\/4). All dogs were treated by surgical decompression with or without stabilization 1 to 7 weeks after trauma. Allogeneic canine Ad-MSCs (cAd-MSCs) were injected locally on nerve roots through the surgical region in all dogs. One dose of intravenous transplantation and 4 doses of local transplantation were also performed within 8 weeks after the surgery separately. All dogs showed significant neurological improvements with normal ambulatory ability (4\/4) and urinary control (3\/4) 3 months after the surgery and the first cAd-MSCs transplantation. No side effect was related to multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations during 6 months monitoring in all dogs. In conclusion, multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations could be a recommended treatment combined with surgery in dogs with lumbosacral SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221081487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T01:23:39Z","timestamp":1646011419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Long-Term Efficacy Study of Multiple Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantations Combined With Surgery in Four Dogs With Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0285-9340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Fang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ing-Kae","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sing-Ying","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Xi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tze-Lien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan-Jhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Hao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heng-Leng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pi-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann-Chi","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sao-Ling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Specialists Animal Hospital, Kaohsiung City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09636897221081487","volume-title":"Small animal neurological emergencies","author":"Olby N","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-09636897221081487","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112151-00002"},{"key":"bibr3-09636897221081487","unstructured":"International perspectives on spinal cord injury. 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