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But the vein grafts are prone to restenosis or failure. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative with a function of inhibiting cell proliferation. We thus applied PTX locally to the vein grafts to study its effect on the inhibition of graft restenosis using a rat vein graft model. Morphometric results showed a significant decrease in the thickness of vein grafts intimal and medial at day 28 after the bypass operation. Results from Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that PTX also significantly reduced the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) expression, and phosphorylation of p38 in vein grafts. These results firstly discovered the positive role of PTX in preventing the vein grafts restenosis and the mechanism may be inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation via the p38MAPK pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221122999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T07:29:09Z","timestamp":1662449349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pentoxifylline Prevents Restenosis by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation via p38MAPK Pathway in Rat Vein Graft Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6516-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Yangming-Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 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