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However, optimal scaffolds are needed to ensure the engraftment of transplanted cells. We produced a three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold (CPC-PRGmx) in which high-viability CPCs were cultured for up to 8 weeks. CPC-PRGmx contained an RGD peptide-conjugated self-assembling peptide with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Immediately after creating myocardial infarction (MI), we transplanted CPC-PRGmx into the pericardial space on to the surface of the MI area. Four weeks after transplantation, red fluorescent protein-expressing CPCs and in situ hybridization analysis in sex-mismatched transplantations revealed the engraftment of CPCs in the transplanted scaffold (which was cellularized with host cells). The average scar area of the CPC-PRGmx-treated group was significantly smaller than that of the non-treated group (CPC-PRGmx-treated group = 46 \u00b1 5.1%, non-treated MI group = 59 \u00b1 4.5%; p &lt; 0.05). Echocardiography showed that the transplantation of CPC-PRGmx improved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac remodeling after MI. The transplantation of CPCs-PRGmx promoted angiogenesis and inhibited apoptosis, compared to the untreated MI group. CPCs-PRGmx secreted more vascular endothelial growth factor than CPCs cultured on two-dimensional dishes. Genetic fate mapping revealed that CPC-PRGmx-treated mice had more regenerated cardiomyocytes than non-treated mice in the MI area (CPC-PRGmx-treated group = 0.98 \u00b1 0.25%, non-treated MI group = 0.25 \u00b1 0.04%; p &lt; 0.05). Our findings reveal the therapeutic potential of epicardial-transplanted CPC-PRGmx. Its beneficial effects may be mediated by sustainable cell viability, paracrine function, and the enhancement of de novo cardiomyogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897231174078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T07:35:57Z","timestamp":1684222557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pericardial Grafting of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffold Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Masato","family":"Kanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Akazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issei","family":"Komuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 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