{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:53:14Z","timestamp":1783446794275,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant","award":["Korean government (MSIT) (RS202400346622)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Korean government (MSIT) (RS202400346622)."]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["grant number: RS202400509118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant number: RS202400509118"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Transplant"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Facial nerve transection frequently results in incomplete functional recovery despite microsurgical repair due to axonal misalignment and limited intrinsic regenerative capacity. Schwann cells (SCs) are essential for peripheral nerve repair, supporting axon elongation, remyelination, and neurotrophic signaling. Human embryonic stem cell\u2013derived Schwann cells (hESC-SCs), including Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) and immature SCs, constitute a scalable source of cells for tissue-engineered nerve grafts. This study investigated whether silicone conduits loaded with hESC-SCs could enhance facial nerve regeneration following complete transection in rats. hESCs were differentiated into SCPs or immature SCs using a stepwise\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    protocol and purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats underwent right facial nerve transection with a 3-mm gap and were randomly assigned to six groups: sham, axotomy only, empty conduit, Matrigel-filled conduit, conduit with SCPs, or conduit with immature SCs. At 12 weeks post-surgery, toluidine blue histochemistry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and morphometric evaluation demonstrated significantly larger axonal diameters, thicker myelin sheaths, and improved g-ratios in SC-treated conduits compared with empty conduit and axotomy-only controls (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Behavioral assessments showed partial functional recovery in SC-treated groups, with blink reflex performance significantly superior to controls at 8 and 12 weeks (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were found between SCP and immature SC groups. These findings suggest that hESC-SCs incorporated into bioengineered conduits represent a potentially effective cell-based strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the interpretation of mechanistic effects is limited by the absence of direct engraftment validation and molecular analyses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897261422301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T08:16:29Z","timestamp":1771834589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of human embryonic stem cell\u2013derived Schwann cells for nerve regeneration after facial nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2088-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung Chul","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Ha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5374-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Geun","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-008-0646-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2009.52.8.807"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","article-title":"Facial paralysis in temporal bone trauma","volume":"13","author":"McKennan KX","year":"1992","unstructured":"McKennan KX, Chole RA. Facial paralysis in temporal bone trauma. Otol Neurotol. 1992;13(2):167\u201372.","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480801935517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","article-title":"Will it be possible to produce peripheral nerves?","volume":"11","author":"Wiberg M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wiberg M, Terenghi G. Will it be possible to produce peripheral nerves? Surg Technol Int. 2003;11:303\u201310.","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164104225013842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v7.i1.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.6344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(93)90157-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-010-9198-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897241241998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0381-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)30966-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00069"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","article-title":"Functional and immunological peculiarities of peripheral nerve allografts","volume":"17","author":"Roballo KCS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roballo KCS, Gigley JP, Smith TA, Bittner GD, Bushman JS. Functional and immunological peculiarities of peripheral nerve allografts. 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